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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

31. Syntax of the Affirmative Mood (§§ 261 - 264)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 31. Syntax of the Affirmative Mood (§§ 261 - 264). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-27. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson31.htm  

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-27

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Syntax [ಪ್ರಯೋಗ prayōga] of the Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]

0. Contents

• 1. Present Tense [ವರ್ತಮಾನ vartamāna]
• 2. Past Tense [ಭೂತ bhūta]
• 3. Future Tense [ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]
• 4. Contingent Future

1. Present Tense [ವರ್ತಮಾನ vartamāna]

261. The Present Tense is commonly used to express future action; as,

• ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು ದಿವಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಬರುತ್ತಾನೆ ippattu divasadalli baruttāne, He will come in three weeks.
• ತಿಂಗಳಾದೆ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೋಗುತ್ತೇವೆ tiṃgaḷāda mēle hōguttēve, We shall go a month hence.
• ನಾಳೇ ಕೊಡುತ್ತೀಯೋ nāḷē koḍuttīyō, Will you give it tomorrow?

These sentences may be rendered, "He is coming," "We are going," &c.

2. Past Tense [ಭೂತ bhūta]

262. The Past Tense is very often used for the future in expressing readiness or immediate action, as,

• ಇಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಬಾ illige bā, Come here! ಬಂದೆ baṃde, I shall come, or, I am coming.
• ಈ ಕೆಲಸಾ ಮಾಡು ī kelasā māḍu, Do this work! ಮಾಡಿದೆ māḍide, I shall do it (immediately).

3. Future Tense [ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]

263. The Future Tense is frequently used for the present and past; as,

• ಕಾಶಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಒಬ್ಬ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸನು ಇರುವನು kāśiyalli obba vidvāṃsanu iruvanu, There lived, (or lives) a learned man in Benares.
• ಅಂಗ ದೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ಪಟ್ಣ ಇರುವದು aṃga dēśadalli oṃdu paṭṇa iruvadu, There was (or is) a city in the Aṅga country.
• ಪೂರ್ವ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಬ್ಬ ಅರಸನು ಇರುವನು pūrva kāladalli obba arasanu iruvanu, In old time there (will be, i.e.) was a king.

The Future Tense is often used to express habitual action, as,

• ವರ್ತಕರು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡುವರು vartakaru vyāpāra māḍuvaru, Merchants trade.

4. Contingent Future

264. The Contingent Future expresses probability, possibility, and capability; as,

• ಮಳೆ ಬಂದೀತು maḷe baṃdītu, It may (is likely to) rain.
• ಆದೀತು ādītu, Perhaps; it may be so.
• ಹೋದಾರು hōdāru, They will most probably go.
• ಹಾಗೆ ಹೇಳ್ಯಾನು hāge hēḷyānu, He will very likely (he may possibly,) say.
• ಆ ಕೆಲಸಾ ಮಾಡೇನು ā kelasā māḍēnu, I can do that work.

To 32. Syntax of the Potential and Subjunctive Moods (§§ 265 - 266)