Zitierweise / cite as:
Payer, Alois <1944 - >: Chronik Thailands = กาลานุกรมสยามประเทศไทย. -- Chronik 1836 (Rama III). -- Fassung vom 2015-05-15. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/thailandchronik/chronik1836.htm
Erstmals publiziert: 2013-07-01
Überarbeitungen: 2015-05-08 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-05-09 [Teilung des Kapitels] ; 2015-05-08 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-04-22 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-03-16 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-03-04 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-01-24 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-12-15 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-11-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-11-04 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-10-27 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-09-21 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-08-20 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-03-26 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-03-08 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-02-26 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-01-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-12-20 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-12-05 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-11-25 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-11-05 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-10-11 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-09-28 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-09-23 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-09-17 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-09-02 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-08-23 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-08-21 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-08-14 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-08-11 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-07-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-07-10 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-07-08 [Ergänzungen]
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ช้างตายทั้งตัวเอาใบบัวปิดไม่มิด
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Gewidmet meiner lieben Frau Margarete Payer die seit unserem ersten Besuch in Thailand 1974 mit mir die Liebe zu den und die Sorge um die Bewohner Thailands teilt. |
 Vorsicht
bei den Statistikdiagrammen!Bei thailändischen Statistiken muss man mit allen Fehlerquellen rechnen, die in folgendem Werk beschrieben sind:
Die Statistikdiagramme geben also meistens eher qualitative als korrekte quantitative Beziehungen wieder.
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1836–1851
Sukaseum (เจ้าสุกเสริม) König von Luang Prabang (ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກຫລວງພະບາງ)
"Sukaseum oder Sukhasoem (voller Thronname Somdet Brhat Chao Maha Sri Vitha Lan Chang Hom Khao Luang Phrabang Sukra Sumaya; * 1797 in Luang Phrabang; † 23. September 1850 in Chiang Maen) war zwischen 1837 und 1850 König von Luang Phrabang. Sukaseum war der älteste Sohn von König Manthatulat und wurde bei Hofe ausgebildet. Am 7. März 1837 folgte er nach dem Tod seines Vaters auf den Thron von Luang Phrabang. Zu jener Zeit war er allerdings eine Geisel der Siamesen und wurde erst 1838 von König Rama III. nach Luang Phrabang entlassen. Die Krönung von Sukaseum wurde 1839 in Luang Phrabang abgehalten.
König Sukaseum starb am 23. September 1850 in seinem Palast bei Chiang Maen und hinterließ sechs Söhne und neun Töchter."
[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukaseum. -- Zugriff am 2011-10-15]
1836
Siamesen deportieren Tausende Lao Puan (ชาวลาวพวน) aus der Ebene der Tonkrüge (ທົ່ງໄຫຫິນ). Auch Cao San (เจ้าสาน), der Herrscher von Xieng Khouang (ຊຽງຂວາງ) wird nach Siam deportiert.
Abb.: Lage der Ebene der Tonkrüge (ທົ່ງໄຫຫິນ)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]
1836
Vajirañāṇo Bhikkhu (วชิรญาโณ ภิกขุ, 1804 - 1868), der künftige Rama IV., wird von seinem Bruder, Rama III. zum Abt von Wat Bowonniwet (วัดบวรนิเวศวิหารราชวรวิหาร) ernannt.
Abb.: Lage von Wat Bowonniwet (วัดบวรนิเวศวิหารราชวรวิหาร)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]
1836
Prinz Wasukri (พระองค์เจ้าวาสุกรี), der spätere Krom Somdet Phra Paramanuchit Chinorot (สมเด็จพระมหาสมณเจ้า กรมพระปรมานุชิตชิโนรส), lässt Wat Chinorasaram Worawiharn (วัดชิโนรสารามวรวิหาร; kurz: Wat Chinorot) bauen.
Abb.: Lage von Wat Chinorasaram Worawiharn (วัดชิโนรสารามวรวิหาร; kurz: Wat Chinorot)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]
1836
Phraya Choduk (Thong Chin) (พระยาโชฎึกราชเศรษฐี (ทองจีน)) und Phraya Piphat Kosa (พระยาพิพัฒน์โกษา) werden mit Gefängnis bestraft, weil sie zugelassen haben, dass chinesische Dschunken große Mengen Reis nach China exportiert haben. Der König ist verärgert, dass die Dschunken nicht gezwungen wurden, statt Reis Sandelholz zu exportieren, das ihm einen viel größeren Gewinn gebracht hätte.
1836
Großbritannien muss Siam helfen, Kedah's (قدح) Separatisten niederzuschlagen.
Abb.: Lage von Kedah (قدح)
[Bildquelle: Bartholomew, J. G. <1860 - 1920>: A literary & historical atlas of Asia. -- London, o. J.]
1836
โคลงฤาษีดัดตน [Über Yoga-Asketen, im Khlong Versmaß]
1836
Es erscheint:
Low, James < - 1852>: A dissertation on the soil & agriculture of the British settlement of Penang, or Prince of Wales Island in the straits of Malacca, including Province Wellesley on the Malayan Peninsula : with brief references to the settlements of Singapore & Malacca, and accompanied by incidental observations on various subjects of local interest in these straits. -- Singapore : Free Press, 1836. -- 321 S. : Ill. ; 25 cm. -- "A large portion ... appeared ... in the Prince of Wales island gazette."
Abb.: Titelblatt
Abb.: Malaiische Ackerbaugeräte usw.
[a.a.O., nach S. V.]
1836
Der Deutsche Johann Nikolaus Dreyse baut den ersten praxistauglichen Hinterlader.
Abb.: Zündnadelgewehr (Hinterlader) von Dreyse
[Bildquelle: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 1905]
1836-01-06
Der US-amerikanische protestantische Missionar John Taylor Jones (1802 – 1851) über die Verkehrsverbindungen in Bangkok:
"One of the most annoying and grievous circumstances attending the accomplishment of any business in this country, is the delay incident to traveling even from one part of Bangkok to another. Whenever a person wishes to transact any business a mile distant which, at home, would easily be done in an hour, it will ordinarily require three or four here. He is altogether dependent on his boat. His boatmen are to be called, his boat unlocked (should it be left unlocked, or exposed it is almost sure to be stolen. I have had three stolen, one of them while fastened by an iron chain and padlock), baled out, his mat spread, and his boat brought to a convenient landing place (if he can find any). By this time, more than half an hour is consumed. If the tide opposes him, he cannot generally go more than two miles an hour; and if the tide favors one way, it must usually oppose him the other. When he reaches his destination, it is usually among a fleet of boats — and it is not till after much jostling and some danger that he can get safely landed, and then it is more probable than otherwise, during a great part of the year, that he will be landed in the mud, or water ankle deep. Tho' the expenses of this mode of traveling are heavy, and the other disadvantages numerous, the loss of time and exposure to the sun are most to be deplored." [Zitiert in Van Beek, Steve <1944 - >: Bangkok, then and now. -- 2. ed. -- Nonthaburi : AB Publications, 2001. -- 131 S. : Ill. 22 x 29 cm. -- ISBN: 974-87616-0-6. -- S. 124]
1836-01-16
US-Baptistenmissionar J. T. Jones über Glücksspiel-Stätten in Bangkok:
"On passing into the city, I observed a long row of new bamboo buildings erected, amounting I should imagine 100 habitations. These, I was informed, are all rented as gambling and lottery shops at 30 ticals [baht] per annum each. About the centre was a very large and lofty establishment, extending entirely across the street which must have been 40 to 50 feet wide, and nearly 100 long. The roof was built over the road and on each side were wide platforms for gambling parties. The whole was gorgeously ornamented with Chinese paintings and gewgaws to attract visitors. All the tenements which were completed seemed to be well occupied." [Zitiert in: Terwiel, Barend Jan <1941 - >: Through travellers' eyes : an approach to early nineteenth century Thai history. -- Bangkok : Duang Kamol, 1989. -- S. 216.]
1836-02-21
Der US-Baptisten-Missionar Robert Dulaney Davenport (ca. 1809 - 1848) und seine Frau Mary Frances, geb. Roper (1818 - 1896) bringen die zweite Druckerpresse nach Siam. Die Davenports bleiben bis 1845 in Siam.
Abb.: Albion-Druckerpresse um 1830
[Bildquelle: Wikimedia. -- Public domain]
1836-02-25
Samuel Colt (1814 - 1862) erhält das Patent auf den ersten funktionsfähigen Revolver (Feuerwaffe mit Drehzylinder).
Abb.: Colt 1836 und 1839
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Public domain]
1836-03-02
Feuersbrunst auf einem Markt in Thonburi (ธนบุรี).
Abb.: Lage von Thonburi (ธนบุรี)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]
1836-03-04 - 1842-02-28
The Lord Auckland (1784 - 1849) ist Governor-General of India
1836-03-09
Der US-Baptistenmissionar Dan Beach Bradley (1804 - 1873) über drei Tage im Jahr, an denen überall Glücksspiele erlaubt sind:
"Three days in the year the people are allowed to gamble where they please. This season occurs on the Chinese New Year when almost all are intoxicated with this sin. It is well calculated to create a taste for this employment which gives rich patronage afterwards to the regular gambling houses. The king knows this and is fool enough to think it a wise plan." [Zitiert in: Terwiel, Barend Jan <1941 - >: Through travellers' eyes : an approach to early nineteenth century Thai history. -- Bangkok : Duang Kamol, 1989. -- S. 215]
"Bradley also confirmed the fact that gambling was fairly common among the Siamese upper class. He was informed that all the rulers of the people from the king down to the khunnang (nobles) were in the habit of gambling by proxy when their dignity forbade them playing in person." [Quelle: Terwiel, Barend Jan <1941 - >: Through travellers' eyes : an approach to early nineteenth century Thai history. -- Bangkok : Duang Kamol, 1989. -- S. 215]
1836-04
"Five years later, in 1836, the Straits Government was again compelled to assist the Siamese. The ex-Sultan [von Kedah - قدح] had received permission to leave Malacca [ملاك] for a visit to Deli in Sumatra, on his promise to go directly thither and return the same way. Instead he went to Bruas [Beruas], in Perak [ڨيرق,], and began to collect a fleet for the invasion of Kedah. There was no doubt as to his intention, and the Siamese called upon the Company to fulfil the terms of the Burney treaty [von 1826]. After vain attempts had been made to persuade the ex-Sultan to go either to Deli or Malacca, two warships were sent to Bruas to bring him back by force if necessary. The Malays resisted, but after a brief resistance their fleet was destroyed, and the ex-Sultan captured and sent to Malacca. As a punishment his pension of $10,000 was reduced to $6,000 a year, the full amount not being restored until 1841." [Quelle: Mills, L. A. (Lennox Algernon) <1896 - 1968>: British Malaya, 1824-1867 : with appendix by C. O. Blagden. -- Singapore : Methodist Publ., 1925. -- 338 S. ; 25 cm. -- S. 162]
Abb.: Lage von Beruas
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]
1836-05-09
Feuersbrunst auf Flussbooten.
1836-06-09
Der US-Baptistenmissionar Dan Beach Bradley (1804 - 1873) muss 17 Baht zahlen für den Bau einer Kabine auf seinem Boot in Bangkok. Über Boote in Bangkok:
"My boat has now the appearance of the barges used by the higher orders of the Siamese priesthood and some of the rulers of this people. ...A common size boat is 30 feet in length and 5 in breadth in the middle. Those of this size are built of teak boards, the sides moderately swelled and the ends beautifully curved. In a word they exhibit superior skill in boat making. Each boat of the size I have mentioned has 5 or 6 seats below the covers which being framed with the boat gives the desired swell to the sides. On these the boatmen sit. A little behind the middle of the boats' length the cover is placed, which is a little house with one room 4 by 6 or 5 by 10 [feet] according to the size of the boats. This is neatly made of teak wood, having a wide door in front, one or two open windows on each side and a hectagonal hole behind through which the steersman may look, who sits perched on the stem. The roofs are arching and project at the sides and ends so as to carry the water off effectively. Some are covered neatly with mats spread with a preparation made of resin and which renders it impervious to rain. Others are covered with sheet tin. The floor of the room is on a level with the tops of the boatmen's seats. Siamese style is to spread down some kind of carpet and ride in a cross legged lounging or sleeping position." "The Siamese excell all people in the world perhaps in navigating craft that an American would think hardly sufficient to bear up an infant, while they can go in this like a feather in the wind. A Chinaman is almost sure to sink if he gets into one. A common size is about 8 feet long and 15 inches wide with a convex and sometimes a sharp bottom. The nack [sic] is to preserve the centre of gravity perfectly and at the same time perform all the manual labour necessary to propel and steer it. You may often see these little things outriding dashing waves. I have seen them go safely when I feared for my safety in a large family boat. On such a case there is no danger as all who use them are expert at swimming. The person who gets into this plight has only to lie on one end of the boat which is bottom upward and swim boat and all to the shore. The Meinam [C
hao Phraya - แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา] is about 180 rods [some 850 metres] wide at this city which gives the wind considerable power to set it in commotion."[Zitiert in: Terwiel, Barend Jan <1941 - >: Through travellers' eyes : an approach to early nineteenth century Thai history. -- Bangkok : Duang Kamol, 1989. -- S. 204ff.]
1836-07-29
Paris: Enthüllung des Arc de Triomphe.
Abb.: Arc de Triomphe 1840
[Bildquelle: Wikimedia. -- Public domain]
1836-12-13 - 1837-05-27
David Richardson (1796 - 1846), Arzt der britischen Honourable East India Company in Moulmein (မော်လမြိုင်မြို့), und William Couperus MacLeod, Offizier der 30th Madras Native Infantery, reisen von Moulmein nach Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่) - Kentung (ၵဵင်းတုင်) - Mong Nai (Shan Staaten).
Abb.: Lage von Moulmein (မော်လမြိုင်မြို့), Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่), Kentung (ၵဵင်းတုင်), Mong Nai
[Bildquelle: Map of Indo-China showing proposed Burma-Siam-China Railway. -- In: Scottish Geographical Magazine. -- 2 (1886)]
ausführlich: http://www.payer.de/thailandchronik/ressourcen.htm
