Zitierweise | cite as: Amarasiṃha <6./8. Jhdt. n. Chr.>: Nāmaliṅgānuśāsana (Amarakośa) / übersetzt von Alois Payer <1944 - >. -- 2. Dvitīyaṃ kāṇḍam. -- 9. siṃhādivargaḥ. -- 12. Vers 30 - 43 (Junge, Gemeinschaften, Mengen, Haustiere). -- Fassung vom 2011-01-20. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/amarakosa2/amara209l.htm
Erstmals hier publiziert: 2011-01-20
Überarbeitungen:
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Dieser Text ist Teil der Abteilung Sanskrit von Tüpfli's Global Village Library
Meinem Lehrer und Freund Prof. Dr. Heinrich von Stietencron ist die gesamte Amarakośa-Übersetzung in Dankbarkeit gewidmet. |
Meiner lieben Frau Margarete Payer die all meine Interessen teilt und fördert ist das Tierkapitel in Dankbarkeit besonders gewidmet |
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"Those who have never considered the subject are little aware how much the appearance and habit of a plant become altered by the influence of its position. It requires much observation to speak authoritatively on the distinction in point of stature between many trees and shrubs. Shrubs in the low country, small and stunted in growth, become handsome and goodly trees on higher lands, and to an inexperienced eye they appear to be different plants. The Jatropha curcas grows to a tree some 15 or 20 feet on the Neilgherries, while the Datura alba is three or four times the size in>n the hills that it is on the plains. It is therefore with much diffidence that I have occasionally presumed to insert the height of a tree or shrub. The same remark may be applied to flowers and the flowering seasons, especially the latter. I have seen the Lagerstroemia Reginae, whose proper time of flowering is March and April, previous to the commencement of the rains, in blossom more or less all the year in gardens in Travancore. I have endeavoured to give the real or natural flowering seasons, in contradistinction to the chance ones, but, I am afraid, with little success; and it should be recollected that to aim at precision in such a part of the description of plants is almost hopeless, without that prolonged study of their local habits for which a lifetime would scarcely suffice."
[Quelle: Drury, Heber <1819 - 1872>: The useful plants of India : with notices of their chief value in commerce, medicine, and the arts. -- 2d ed. with additions and corrections. London : Allen, 1873. -- xvi, 512 p. ; 22 cm. -- S. VIII f.]
Abb.: Asiatische Tierwelt
[Bildquelle: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversationslexikon, 1906]
38. a./b. potaḥ pāko 'rbhako ḍimbhaḥ pṛthukaḥ śāvakaḥ śiśuḥ पोतः पाको ऽर्भको डिम्भः पृथुकः शावकः शिशुः ।३८ क। [Bezeichnungen für Tierjunges:]
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Colebrooke (1807): "Young of any animal."
Abb.: शिशुः । Chitwan National Park, Nepal
[Bildquelle: Deadly Knitshade. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/beagleskin/3141271735/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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38. c./d. strīpuṃsau mithunaṃ dvandvaṃ
yugmaṃ tu yugulaṃ yugam स्त्रीपुंसौ मिथुनं द्वन्द्वं युग्मं तु युगुलं युगम् ॥३८ ख॥ Mann und Frau als Paar nennt man:
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Colebrooke (1807): "A couple, male and female."
Abb.: मिथुनम् । Megalaima haemacephala Statius Müller, 1776 - Coppersmith
Barbet - Goldbartvogel
[Bildquelle: Umang Dutt. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/snapflickr/2815607303/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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38. c./d.
strīpuṃsau mithunaṃ dvandvaṃ
yugmaṃ tu yugalaṃ yugam स्त्रीपुंसौ मिथुनं द्वन्द्वं युग्मं तु युगलं युगम् ॥३८ ख॥ [Eine Zweiergruppe nennt man:]
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Colebrooke (1807): "A pair or brace."
Abb.: युग्मम् । युगम् । Südindien
[Bildquelle: Poggis. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mspoggis/2205140919/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20.
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39. samūhe nivaha-vyūha-sandoha-visara-vrajāḥ stomaugha-nikara-trāta-vāra-saṃghāta-saṃcayāḥ 40. samudāyaḥ samudayaḥ samavāyaś cayo gaṇaḥ striyāṃ tu saṃhatir vṛndaṃ nikurambaṃ kadambakam
समूहे निवह-व्यूह-सन्दोह-विसर-व्रजाः । Bezeichnungen für समूह - samūha m.: Haufen, Menge, Gesellschaft, Verein, Aggregat:
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Colebrooke (1807): "A flock or multitude."
Abb.: ओघः । Bhogal Market, New Delhi - नई दिल्ली
[Bildquelle: Philippe May. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/philippemay/250602287/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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Abb.: संघातः । bei Varanasi - वाराणसी, Uttar Pradesh
[Bildquelle: Poggis. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mspoggis/2205184489/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20.
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Abb.: समवायः । Dushera Festival - விஜயதசமி, Thirunelveli -
திருநெல்வேலி, Tamil Nadu
[Bildquelle: seeveeaar. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/seeveeaar/2970021473/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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Abb.: गणः । Polizistinnen
[Bildquelle: Flying Cloud. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/flying_cloud/3991832761/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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41. a./b. vṛndabhedāḥ samair vargaḥ saṃgha-sārthau tu jantubhiḥ वृन्दभेदाः समैर् वर्गः संघ-सार्थौ तु जन्तुभिः ।४१ क। Arten von वृन्द - vṛnda n.: Schar, Trupp, Herde: eine Schar von Gleichen heißt वर्ग - varga m.: Abwehrer, Abschnitt, Abteilung, Partei, Schar, Gruppe von. |
Colebrooke (1807): "A multitude of similar things."
Abb.: वर्गाः । Haridwar - हरिद्वार,
Uttarakhand
[Bildquelle: mckaysavage. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mckaysavage/2085721947/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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41. a./b. vṛndabhedāḥ
samair vargaḥ
saṃghasārthau tu jantubhiḥ वृन्दभेदाः समैर् वर्गः संघ-सार्थौ तु जन्तुभिः ।४१ क। eine Schar von जन्तु - jantu m.: Nachkomme, Geschöpf, Mensch, heißt:
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Colebrooke (1807): "Of animals."
Abb.: संघः । Buddhistische Thai Mönche, Bodh Gaya -
बोधगया, Bihar
[Bildquelle: juicyrai. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/wink/189477103/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20. --
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Abb.: सार्थः । Women's Self Help Group, Tambhol Village, Maharashtra
[Bildquelle: World Resources. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldresourcesinstitute/2575229793/. -- Zugriff
am 2011-01-20. --
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41. c./d. sajātīyaiḥ kulaṃ
yūthaṃ tiraścāṃ puṃ-napuṃsakam सजातीयैः कुलं यूथं तिरश्चां पुं-नपुंसकम् ॥४१ ख॥ eine Schar von Wesen gleicher gleicher Art heißt कुल - kula n.: Herde, Schwarm, Geschlecht, Familie |
Colebrooke (1807): "Of homogeneous animals."
Abb.: कुलम् । Maharashtra
[Bildquelle: World Resources Institute. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/worldresourcesinstitute/2555776315/. -- Zugriff
am 2011-01-20. --
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41. c./b.
sajātīyaiḥ kulaṃ
yūthaṃ tiraścāṃ puṃ-napuṃsakam सजातीयैः कुलं यूथं तिरश्चां पुं-नपुंसकम् ॥४१ ख॥ eine Schar von Tieren heißt यूथ m. n.: Herde, Schar |
Colebrooke (1807): "Of birds and beasts."
Abb.: यूथः । Kumarakom - കുമരകം, Kerala
[Bildquelle: diametrik. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/diametrik/354980358/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20.
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42. a./b. paśūnāṃ samajo 'nyeṣāṃ samājo 'tha sadharmiṇām पशूनां समजो ऽन्येषां समाजो ऽथ सधर्मिणाम् ।४२ क। eine Schar von Vieh (paśu) heißt समज - samaja m.: Versammlung, Menge |
Colebrooke (1807): "Of beasts."
Abb.: समजः । Lucknow - लखनऊ,
Uttar Pradesh
[Bildquelle: mcbridejc. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mcbridejc/4444985182/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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42. a./b. paśūnāṃ samajo
'nyeṣāṃ samājo
'tha sadharmiṇām पशूनां समजो ऽन्येषां समाजो ऽथ सधर्मिणाम् ।४२ क। eine Schar von anderen Wesen (als Vieh) heißt समाज - samāja m.: Versammlung, Gesellschaft, Verein; Fülle, Menge |
Colebrooke (1807): "Of other beings (men, &c.)"
Abb.: समाजः । Shampur
[Bildquelle: sehroiber. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sehroiber/4542841354/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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42. paśūnāṃ samajo
'nyeṣāṃ samājo
'tha sadharmiṇām syān nikāyaḥ puñjarāśī tūtkaraḥ kūṭam astriyām
पशूनां समजो ऽन्येषां
समाजो ऽथ सधर्मिणाम् । eine Schar von Menschen mit gleichen Pflichten / gleicher Observanz (dharma) heißt निकाय - nikāya m.: Gruppe, Gemeinschaft |
Colebrooke (1807): "Of persons practising like duties."
Abb.: निकायः । Ardh Kumbh Mela - अर्ध कुम्भ मेला, Allahabad -
इलाहाबाद, Uttar Pradesh, 2007
[Bildquelle: Elishams. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/elishams/366943899/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20.
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42 c./d.
syān nikāyaḥ
puñja-rāśī tūtkaraḥ kūṭam astriyām स्यान् निकायः पुञ्ज-राशी तूत्करः कूटम् अस्त्रियाम् ॥४२ ख॥ [Bezeichnungen für einen Haufen von Getreide u. ä.:]
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Colebrooke (1807): "A heap of grain, &c."
Abb.: राशयः । उत्कराः । Rajasthan
[Bildquelle: Jared Zimmerman. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/spoinknet/35414570/. -- Zugriff am 2011-01-20.
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43. a./b. kāpota-śauka-māyūra-taittirādīni tad-gaṇe कापोत-शौक-मायूर-तैत्तिरादीनि तद्गणे ।४३ क। Eine Schar der betreffenden Vögel heißt:
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Colebrooke (1807): "Flocks of various animals. Of doves, parrots, peacocks, francoline partridges: other derivatives are similarly formed, as औलुकं [aulukam], a flock of owls."
1 कापोत - kāpota n.: Taubenschar; zu कपोत - kapota m.: "any of the Columbidae (Pigeon, Dove)" (Dave, 486)
Abb.: कापोतम् । Gateway of India - भारताचे
प्रवेशद्वार, Mumbai - मुंबई,
Maharashtra
[Bildquelle:
Diego Wyllie. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/diegowyllie/1029149221/. --
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2 शौक - śauka n.: Papageienschar; zu शुक - śuka m.: "any of the Psyttiacidae (Parakeet), except the Loriculus vernalis, (Vernal Hanging Parrot), Indian Loriquet." (Dave, 512)
Abb.: शौकम् । Kanchipuram - காஞ்சிபுரம், Tamil Nadu
[Bildquelle:
Gerardo Diego Ontiveros. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/germeister/2789194593/. -- Zugriff am
2010-12-26. --
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3 तैत्तिर - taittira n.: Rebhuhnschar, Frankolinenschar; zu तित्तिर - tittira m.: "certain Phasanidae, esp. Partridges, Francolins." (Dave, 497)
Abb.: तैत्तिरम् । Francolinus pondicerianus Gmelin, 1789 - Grey Francolin
- Wachtelfrankolin, Delhi - दिल्ली
[Bildquelle:
Hari Ratan. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ratan/4840448189/. -- Zugriff am 2010-12-26. --
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43. c./d. gṛhāsaktāḥ pakṣi-mṛgāś chekās te gṛhyakāś ca te गृहासक्ताः पक्षि-मृगाश् छेकास् ते गृह्यकाश् च ते ॥४३ ख॥ Vögel und Wildtiere, die ans Haus gebunden sind heißen:
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Colebrooke (1807): "Domesticated, (a bird or beast)."
Abb.: गृह्यकः । Indischer Mungo - Indian Gray Mongoose - Herpestes edwardsii
E. Geoffroy, 1818 - Nagpur - नागपुर,
Maharashtra
[Bildquelle:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tariquesani/. --
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tariquesani/4582984745/. -- Zugriff am
2011-01-20. --
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iti siṃhādivargaḥ इति सिंहादिवर्गः ॥ Ende des Abschnitts über Löwen und andere Tiere. |
Zu 10. manuṣyavargaḥ I. Vers 1 - 23 (Mensch, Mann, Frauen).