Ausgewählte Texte aus der Carakasaṃhitā

Anhang A: Pflanzenbeschreibungen

Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek

zusammengestellt von Alois Payer

mailto:payer@payer.de

Zitierweise / cite as:

Carakasaṃhitā: Ausgewählte Texte aus der Carakasaṃhitā / übersetzt und erläutert von Alois Payer <1944 - >. -- Anhang A: Pflanzenbeschreibungen. -- Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek -- Fassung vom 2007-06-27. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/ayurveda/pflanzen/vigna_radiata.htm        

Erstmals publiziert: 2007-06-27

Überarbeitungen:

Anlass: Lehrveranstaltung SS 2007

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Mungbohnen (Vigna radiata)
[Bildquelle. Wikipedia]

Drury:

"Phaseolus Roxburghii (W. & A.) Do.
  • Mash-kulay, Beng.
  • Minoomooloo, Tel.
  • Moong Thikeree, Hind.
  • Oalandoo. Tam.

Description.—Annual, diffuse; leaves pinnately trifoliolate, hairy; leaflets ovate, acuminated, slightly repand, but not lobed; peduncles erect, shorter than the petioles; flowers somewhat capitate; keel twisted to the left with a very long horn near the base on the left side ; legumes very hairy, cylindrical, few-seeded, nearly erect;, seeds smooth, somewhat truncated at both ends; flowers yellow. Fl. Dec.—Jan. — W. & A. Prod, i 246.—P. radiatus, Bomb. Fl. Ind. iii. 296 (not Linn.)-------Circars. Travancore. Malabar.

Economic Uses.—There are two other varieties, with black and green seeds respectively. This is the most esteemed of all the leguminous plants, and the pulse bears the highest price. Of the meal the natives make bread for many of their religious ceremonies. Its produce is about thirty-fold. Cattle are very fond of the straw. The root is said by Dr Royle to contain a narcotic principle.— (Roxb.) Mixed with grain it is reckoned strengthening for horses. An average seed is the origin of the most common weights used by Hindoo goldsmiths. ,The unit is the retti or seed of the Abrus precatorius, from five to ten of which make a masha, or about 17 grains Troy,—W. Elliott."

[Quelle: Drury, Heber <1819 - 1872>: The useful plants of India : with notices of their chief value in commerce, medicine, and the arts. -- 2d ed. with additions and corrections. London : Allen, 1873. -- xvi, 512 p. ; 22 cm. -- s.v.]

Dutt:

"PHASEOLUS ROXBURGHII, W. & A. ETC.

The following varieties of leguminous pulses are mentioned by Sanskrit writers.

  • Mudga. Phaseolus Mungo, Linn. Vern. Mug, B.
  • Māṣa. Phaseolus Roxburghii, W. &. A. Vern. Urid, H.
  • Mudgaparṇi. P. trilobus, Ait. Vern, Mugāni, B.
  • Makuṣṭha. P. aconitifolius, Jacq. Vern. Mot, H.
  • Kulattha. Dolichos uniflorus, Lamark. Vern Kulthi, H.B.
  • Rājamāṣa. Vigna Sinensis, Linn. Vern. Barbati, B.
  • Śimbi. A common name for several species of Dolichos.
  • Caṇaka. Cicer arietinum, Linn. Vern. But, Beng. Chenā, H.
  • Masura. Vicia Lens, Benth. Vern. Masur, H. B.
  • Śatilā. Pisum sativum, Linn. Vern. Matar, H. B.
  • Aḍhakī. Cajanus Indicus, Sprengel. Arar, B. Tor, H.
  • Tripuṭī. Lathyrus sativus, Linn. Khesāri, H. B.
  • Māṣaparṇi. Glycine labialis, Linn. Vem. Māshāni, H. B.

Some of these pulses have several varieties. For example seven sorts of mudga are mentioned, namely, krishna or black, mahā or large, gaura or pale red, harita or green, pita or yellow, sveta or white and rakta or red.

Mudga, ordinarily known as moong kā dāl, and especially its green variety, is considered most wholesome and suited to sick persons. A soup made of this pulse is often the first article of diet prescribed after recovery from acute illness. The following varieties are also considered wholesome and suited for use by convalescent persons, namely, masura, chanaka, kulattha and makushtha. Vicia Lens or lentils, which take rank first among the pulses as containing the largest proportion of flesh-forming matter, are regarded by the Hindus as highly nutritive, and useful in bowel complaints. A poultice made of this pulse is an effectual domestic medicine for checking secretion of milk and reducing distension of the mammary glands. Cicer arietinum is perhaps the most favourite pulse with the natives, and is used as an article of diet in a great variety of ways. It is taken raw, or cooked in its green as well as ripe state. Gram is made into dāl, is roasted and around into meal and is prepared in many other ways.

The acid liquid exuded from the hairs of the stem and leaves of Cicer arietinum is called chanakāmla in Sanskrit. It is collected by spreading a cloth over the plants during the night and rinsing the fluid absorbed by it. Chanakāmla is described as acid, refrigerant, saltish, and useful in dyspepsia, indigestion and costiveness. It enters into the composition of some medicines for dyspepsia along with other vegetable acids.

Dolichos uniflorus is used medicinally chiefly as an external application in the shape of poultices arid pastes. Its soup is said to be useful in gravel and urinary disorders.

The Phaseolus Roxburghii or māsha is much used in medicine both internally and externally, in paralysis, rheumatism and affections of the nervous system. It enters into the composition of several decoctions used in these diseases. The following is an illustration. Take of the pulse of Phaseolus Roxburghii, root of castor oil plant, of Mucuna pruriens (ātmaguptā) and Sida cordifolia (balā), half a told each, and prepare a decoction in the usual way. This decoction is given with the addition of rock salt and assafoetida. Several oils for external application in the above mentioned diseases have the pulse of Phaseolus Roxburghii for their basis or principal ingredient, as for example the following.

Svalpa māsha taila. Take of the pulse of Phaseolus Roxburghii eight seers, water sixty-four seers, boil down to sixteen seers, and strain. Boil the strained decoction with four seers of sesamum oil, and one of rock salt till the water is evaporated. This oil is said to be useful in rheumatism, contracted knee joint, stiff shoulder joint, etc."

[Quelle: Dutt, Uday Chand: The materia medica of the Hindus / Uday Chand Dutt. With a glossary of Indian plants by George King. -- 2. ed. with additions and alterations / by Binod Lall Sen & Ashutosh Sen. -- Calcutta, 1900. - XVIII, 356 S. -- S. 149ff.]