ಕನ್ನಡ

(Bildquelle: PlaneMad/Wikipedia. -- CC-by-sa)

An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

17. Defective Verbs (§§ 121 - 128)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 17. Defective Verbs (§§ 121 - 128). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-25. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson17.htm

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-25

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

If you don't get the diacritics displayed, install a Unicode font like Tahoma.

Defective Verbs

0. Contents

• 1. ಆಪ āpa, to be able
  • 1.1. Gerunds, or verbal participles [ಶಬ್ದ ನ್ಯೂನ - śabda nyūna]
  • 1.2. Relative Participles
  • 1.3. Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]. Simple Tenses. Present, Past, and Future Tense [ವರ್ತಮಾನ - vartamāna, ಭೂತ - bhūta, ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]
  • 1.4. Negative Mood  [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]
• 2. ಬಲ್ಲ balla, can
  • 2.1. Relative Participle
  • 2.2.. Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]. Simple Tenses. Present, Past, and Future Tense [ವರ್ತಮಾನ - vartamāna, ಭೂತ - bhūta, ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]
  • 2.3. Negative Mood  [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]
• 3. ಒಲ್ಲು ollu, consent not, will not
  • 3.1. Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]. Simple Tenses. Present, Past, and Future Tense [ವರ್ತಮಾನ - vartamāna, ಭೂತ - bhūta, ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]
• 4. Impersonal Defective Verbs
  • 4.1. ಉಂಟು uṃtu, there is, it exists, they exist, &c.
  • 4.2. ಅಹು ahu, be, exist (old Canarese)
  • 4.3. Other Impersonal Verbs

121. A few verbs are defective as well as irregular. They are conjugated as follows:

1. ಆಪ āpa, to be able

122. ಆಪ āpa, is used as an auxiliary verb, to denote ability.

1.1. Gerunds, or verbal participles [ಶಬ್ದ ನ್ಯೂನ - śabda nyūna]

1.2. Relative Participles

1.4. Negative Mood  [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]

I, &c. am not, was not, or shall not be able.

2. ಬಲ್ಲ balla, can

123. ಬಲ್ಲ balla, is used as an auxiliary verb to denote ability

2.1. Relative Participle

2.3. Negative Mood  [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]

124. This verb has no negative mood. The deficiency is supplied by the negative of ಅರಿ ari, know, (an irregular, but not defective verb,) which is used as an auxiliary in the potential mood of regular verbs.

I, &c. know not, cannot, am not able, was not able, and shall not be able.

3. ಒಲ್ಲು ollu, consent not, will not

4. Impersonal Defective Verbs

126. The following verbs are impersonal, as well as defective in Tenses, &c.

4.1. ಉಂಟು uṃtu, there is, it exists, they exist, &c.

Gerunds:

Negative:

ಇಲ್ಲದೆ illade, not existing, not having existed.

Relative Participles:

Present and Future:

ಉಳ್ಳ uḷḷa, who or which does, or will, exist.

Negative:

ಇಲ್ಲದ illada, who or which does not, did not, or will not, exist

Affirmative Mood. Present, Past, and Future Tense:

Negative Mood:

ಇಲ್ಲ illa, is added to the Infinitive in ಲು lu, to denote negation in the past tense; as,

• ಅವನು ಕೇಳಲಿಲ್ಲ avanu kēḷalilla, he did not hear.

4.2. ಅಹು ahu, be, exist (old Canarese)

127. ಅಹುದು ahudu, or ಹೌದು haudu, from the ancient Canarese ಅಹು ahu, be, exist, &c. is used in the sense of yes, it is, or they are, of that nature and quality.

Negative Gerund:

Negative Relative Participle:

Affirmative Mood. Present, Past, and Future Tense:

Negative Mood:

4.3. Other Impersonal Verbs

128. The following verbs are used impersonally in forming the potential mood, &c.

To 18. Verbal Nouns (§ 129)