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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson


27. Syntax of Relative Participles (§§ 232 - 238.)


Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 27. Syntax of Relative Participles (§§ 232 - 238.). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-26. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson27.htm          

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-26

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library


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Syntax [ಪ್ರಯೋಗ prayōga] of Participles [ಕ್ರಿಯಾನ್ಯೂನ  kriyānyūna]


0. Contents



1. Relative Participles


232. Relative participles admit of a nominative case before them, and perform the office of verb and relative pronoun to nouns and pronouns following them; as,

233. These relative participles govern a preceding noun like a verb; as,

234. The passive participle requires the instrumental case of the agent or instrument; as,

235. The participles of an intransitive verb are both preceded and followed by nominatives; as.

236. The relation expressed by the relative participle must often, according to the sense of the verb, be rendered in English by "in which," "from which," "with whom," &c. &c.; as,

237. Sometimes the relative participle has both a preceding and following nominative, and governs an accusative or other case.

In such sentences this order is followed; viz.

  1. 1st the agent in the nominative case

  2. 2nd the object generally in the accusative

  3. 3rd the relative participle

  4. 4th the instrument, &c. in the nominative

as,

238. Relative participles become nouns by the addition of pronouns, according to the rules of sandhi; as,

ಹೇಳುವ hēḷuva who or which says ಹೇಳುವವನು hēḷuvavanu he who says
ಹೇಳುವವಳು hēḷuvavaḷu she who says

&c.

ಹೇಳಿದ hēḷida who or which said ಹೇಳಿದವನು hēḷidavanu he who said
ಹೇಳಿದವರು hēḷidavaru they who said
ಹೇಳದ hēḷada who or which did not say ಹೇಳದವನು hēḷadavanu he who did not say

&c. &c.


2. Present, Past, and Negative Participles


For the union of ಅದು adu, with the past and negative participles, See §§ 23, 24.

For the union of ರೆ re, ರೂ rū, and ಆಗ್ಯೂ āgyū, with the past participle, and ಹಾಗೆ hāge, with the present participle, See the subjunctive mood.


To 28. Syntax of Infinitive Mood (§§ 239 - 246)