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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

30. Syntax of Negation (§§ 253 -260)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 30. Syntax of Negation (§§ 253 -260). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-26. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson30.htm 

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-26

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Syntax [ಪ್ರಯೋಗ prayōga] of Negation

0. Contents

• 1. Negative Mood [ನಿಷೇದ niṣēdha]
• 2. Negation
  • 2.1. ಇಲ್ಲ illa
  • 2.2. ಅಲ್ಲ alla

1. Negative Mood [ನಿಷೇದ niṣēdha]

253. The Negative mood has only one simple tense, which is either past, present, or future, according to the context; as,

• ಈಗ ಕೊಡರು īga koḍaru, They do not (or will not,) now give.
• ನಿನ್ನೆ ಹೇಳನು ninne hēḷanu, He did not say yesterday.
• ನಾಳೆ ಶಿಕ್ಕದು nāḷe śikkadu, It will not to be had tomorrow.

2. Negation

254. Negation is generally expressed by ಇಲ್ಲ illa, or ಅಲ್ಲ alla.

2.1. ಇಲ್ಲ illa

255. ಇಲ್ಲ illa, denies existence, and is used with any time, gender, number or person. It may be added to a noun, verbal noun, or infinitive of a verb, and is the negative answer to a question of existence.

256. Added to nouns, ಇಲ್ಲ illa, denotes the non-existence of a thing or person, or non-existence in a particular place; as,

• ಒಂದು ಇಲ್ಲ oṃdū illa, There is not even one.
• ಕುದುರೆಯ ಕೊಂಬು ಇಲ್ಲ kudureya koṃbu illa, There is no such thing as a horse's horn.
• ಅವನು ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲ avanu maneyalli illa, He is not at home.
• ಆ ತೋಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಾಳೇ ಮರಗಳು ಇಲ್ಲ ā tōṭadalli bāḷē maragaḷu illa, There are no platain trees in that garden.

257.  ಇಲ್ಲ illa, with dative or locative case denies possession; as,

• ಅವನಿಗೆ ಹಣವಿಲ್ಲ avanige haṇavilla, He has no money.
• ನಿಮ್ಮಲ್ಲಿ ಜ್ಞಾನ ಇಲ್ಲವೋ nimmalli jñāna illavō, Have you no wisdom?
• ಅವರಿಗೆ ಬುದ್ಧಿ ಇಲ್ಲ ವಿವೇಕವೂ ಇಲ್ಲ avarige buddhi illa vivēkavū illa, They have neither sense nor discrimination.

258 ಇಲ್ಲ illa, is added to verbal nouns; as,

• ಇಂಥಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಕಂಡದ್ದೂ ಇಲ್ಲ ಕೆಳಿದ್ದೂ ಇಲ್ಲ iṃthā kelasa kaṃḍaddū illla keḷiddū illa, Such a thing as was never seen or heard of.
• ನಾನು ಹೋಗುವದಿಲ್ಲ nānu hōguvadilla, I will not go.
• ನೀನು ಬರುವದಿಲ್ಲ nīnu baruvadilla, Thou wilt not come.
• ಅವನು (ಅವಳು, ಅದು, ನಾವು, ನೀವು, ಅವರು, ಅವು) ಕೊಡುವದಿಲ್ಲ avanu (avaḷu, adu, nāvu, nīvu, avaru, avu) koḍuvadilla, He (she, it, we, ye, they, they neut.) will not give.

259. Examples of ಇಲ್ಲ illla, as the negative answer to a question.

• ನೀನು ಹಾಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಿಯೋ nīnu hāge hēḷidiyō, Did you say so? ಇಲ್ಲ illa, No.
• ಕರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ನೀರು ಉಂತೋ kereyalli nīru uṃṭō, Is there any water in the tank?, ಇಲ್ಲ illa, No.
• ಹುಡುಗರು ಮಠಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋಗಿದ್ಧಾರೋ huḍugaru maṭhakke hōgiddhārō, Havee the boys gone to school? ಇಲ್ಲ  illa, No.

2.2. ಅಲ್ಲ alla

260. Negation of quality or nature is expressed by ಅಲ್ಲ alla, no; as,

• ಇದು ಕಾಗದವೋ idu kāgadavō, Is this paper? ಅಲ್ಲ alla, No (it is something else).
• ಇವನು ನಿನ್ನ ಮಗನೋ ivanu ninna maganō, Is this your son? ಅಲ್ಲ alla, No (he is not).
• ಅದು ಪಟ್ಣವಲ್ಲ ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಊರು adu paṭṇavalla cikka ūru, It is not a city, but a small town.

ಇಲ್ಲ illa, and ಅಲ್ಲ alla, are not interchangeable, and great care must be observed for their correct use.

To 31. Syntax of the Affirmative Mood (§§ 261 - 264)