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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

 39. Syntax of Particles (§§ 336 - 339)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. --  39. Syntax of Particles (§§ 336 - 339). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-27. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson39.htm  

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-27

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Syntax [ಪ್ರಯೋಗ prayōga] of Particles

0. Contents

• 1. ಆ ā, ಏ ē, ಓ ō, interrogative
• 2. ಏ ē, ಓ ō, emphatic
• 3. ಓ ō, doubt
• 4. ಕಾಣೆ kāṇe, ಕಾಣೋ kāṇō, addressing inferiors

1. ಆ ā, ಏ ē, ಓ ō, interrogative

336. ಆ ā, ಏ ē, ಓ ō, are affixed as interrogative particles; as,

• ಹಾಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದಿಯಾ hāge hēḷidiyā, Did you say so?
• ನಾನು ಹೋಗಲೇ nānu hōgalē, Shall I go?
• ಹೋಗಲೋ hōgalō, Shall I go?

2. ಏ ē, ಓ ō, emphatic

337. ಏ ē, and ಓ ō, are emphatic; as,

• ಅದೇ ಮಾತು adē mātu, That very word.
• ನಾವು ಒಳ್ಳೇದನ್ನೇ ಮಾಡ ಬೇಕು nāvu oḷḷēdannē māḍa bēku, We must do only good.

3. ಓ ō, doubt

338. ಓ ō is very commonly used to express doubt; as,

• ಅವರು ಬಂದರೋ ಏನೋ avaru baṃdarō ēnō, Wheter they have come or not (I cannot tell.)
• ಎಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಿದ್ಧಾರೆ ellige hōgiddhāre, Whither have they gone? ಎಲ್ಲಿಗೋ elligō, Whither (I know not.)
• ಎಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಹೋಗಿದ್ಧಾರೋ ellige hōgiddhārō, Whither they have gone (I cannot tell)
• ಯಾರೋ ಹೇಲಿದರು yārō hēlidaru, Someone or another said it.
• ಹ್ಯಾಗಾಯಿತು hyāgāyitu, How did it happen? ಹ್ಯಾಗೋ hyāgō, How (I know not.)
• ಮನುಷ್ಯರೆಲ್ಲರು ಪಾಪಾತ್ಮರು manuṣyarellaru pāpātmaru, All men are sinners. ನೀವೋ nīvō, You? (What are you then?)
• ನಾವೋ nāvō? ನಾವೇ ಪಾಪಾತ್ಮರು nāvē pāpātmaru, We? We also are sinners.

4. ಕಾಣೆ kāṇe, ಕಾಣೋ kāṇō, addressing inferiors

339. ಕಾಣೆ kāṇe, and ಕಾಣೋ kāṇō, particles from ಕಾಣು kāṇu, See, are often used when addressing inferiors; as,

• ಹೌದು ಕಾಣೆ haudu kāṇe, Yes, cannot you see, (woman!)
• ಹೌದು ಕಾಣೋ haudu kāṇō, Yes, cannot you see, (man!)

To 40. Grammatical Terms (§ 340)