Chronik Thailands

กาลานุกรมสยามประเทศไทย

von

Alois Payer

Chronik 1983 / B. E. 2526


Zitierweise / cite as:

Payer, Alois <1944 - >: Chronik Thailands = กาลานุกรมสยามประเทศไทย. -- Chronik 1983 / B. E. 2526. -- Fassung vom 2017-03-18. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/thailandchronik/chronik1983.htm

Erstmals publiziert: 2012-10-09

Überarbeitungen: 2017-03-18 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-12-27 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-12-18 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-11-29 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-09-03 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-06-01 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-04-21 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-02-10 [Ergänzungen] ; 2016-01-08 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-11-20 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-09-24 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-08-16 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-07-06 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-06-22 [Ergänzungen] ; 2015-04-25 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-11-03 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-10-25 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-10-16 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-09-22 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-08-21 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-08-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-04-09 [Ergänzungen] ; 2014-02-23 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-10-11 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-10-05 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-10-01 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-09-30 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-07-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-05-22 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-05-02 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-04-24 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-04-08 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-03-18 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-02-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-01-25 [Ergänzungen] ; 2013-01-13 [Ergänzungen] ; 2012-11-21 [Ergänzungen]

©opyright: Dieser Text steht der Allgemeinheit zur Verfügung. Eine Verwertung in Publikationen, die über übliche Zitate hinausgeht, bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Herausgebers.

Dieser Text ist Teil der Abteilung Thailand von Tüpfli's Global Village Library


ช้างตายทั้งตัวเอาใบบัวปิดไม่มิด


 

 

Gewidmet meiner lieben Frau

Margarete Payer

die seit unserem ersten Besuch in Thailand 1974 mit mir die Liebe zu den und die Sorge um die Bewohner Thailands teilt.

 


Vorsicht bei den Statistikdiagrammen!

Bei thailändischen Statistiken muss man mit allen Fehlerquellen rechnen, die in folgendem Werk beschrieben sind:

Morgenstern, Oskar <1902 - 1977>: On the accuracy of economic observations. -- 2. ed. -- Princeton : Princeton Univ. Press, 1963. -- 322 S. ; 20 cm.

Die Statistikdiagramme geben also meistens eher qualitative als korrekte quantitative Beziehungen wieder.

 


2526 / 1983 undatiert


Statistische Daten 1983:
  • Einwohner: 49,5 Mio.
  • Analphabeten: 14,5%
  • Tote bei Verkehrsunfällen: 2.472
  • Ermordete Journalisten März 1982 -  Februar 1983: 15

1983 - 1995

Geldüberweisungen von thailändischen Gastarbeitern und anderen Emigranten nach Thailand:


Abb.: Geldüberweisungen von thailändischen Gastarbeitern und anderen Emigranten nach Thailand, 1983 - 1995
[Datenquelle: Guns, girls ... (1998), S. 161]

1983

Landpächter (in Prozent der Landwirte):


Abb.: Landpächter (in Prozent der Bauern), 1983
[Datenquelle: Phongpaichit / Baker (1995), S. 42]


Abb.: Durchschnittliches Land pro Bauernhaushalt (in Rai / ไร่ = 1600m²) 1983
[Datenquelle: Phongpaichit / Baker (1995), S. 42]


Abb.: Vergleich Hektar - Rai (ไร่)

1983

Gründung der Thai Wah Resorts Development Company (seit 1998-05: Laguna Resorts & Hotels Public Company). Die Firma wird in der Folgezeit in Phuket [ภูเก็ต] viele Hotels und Resorts bauen, z.B.


Abb.:  ®Logo


Abb.: Lage von
Phuket [ภูเก็ต]
[Bildquelle: CIA. -- Public domain]

1983

Gründung von Honda Cars (Thailand) Co., einer Fabrik [1984: Rojana Industrial Park (โรจนะ), Ayuthaya (อยุธยา)] zum Zusammenbau von Honda-Automobilen aus importierten Fertigteilen. Zunächst baute man den Honda Accord zusammen.


Abb.: 183 Honda Accord
[Bildquelle: Nslsmith / Wikimedia. -- GNU FDLicense]

1983

"Sukanya Hantrakul [สุกัญญา  หาญตระกูล], a Thai journalist dealing with prostitution issues, was critical of the Buddhist concept of women in a presentation to an Asian workshop in Melbourne, Australia, in 1983:

One basic idea in Buddhism is karma [กรรม]. This means that the sum of actions in one’s previous lives determines an individual’s present status. To be born a woman in this life means there was an inadequate store of merit in her previous lives. Thus women are put into socially and economically disadvantaged positions. Also, the double standard that only men are allowed sexual freedom is the cultural background that promotes rampant prostitution in Thailand.

She emphasized that in order to understand the reality of this double standard one must know that (as we saw in Chapter 5) there are more than 700,000 prostitutes compared with only 300,000 monks; this is not simply a statistical analysis but should be seen in the light of Buddhist cultural tradition."

[Quelle: Yayori Matsui [松井やより] <1934 - 2002>: Women's Asia. -- London  :  Zed, 1989. -- 172 S. : Ill. ; 22 cm. -- ISBN 0862328276. -- Originaltitel: アジアの女たち (1987). -- S. 101. -- Fair use]

1983

Bau eines Guanyin-Schreins (พระตำหนักพระแม่กวนอิม, โชคชัย 4) in Lad Phrao (ลาดพร้าว), Bangkok. Baukosten 40 Mio. Baht, alles aus Spenden. Leitung: Waraphon Lertrungsri eine Mahayana-Nonne (比丘尼/ภิกษุณี) und Geister-Medium. Der Schrein ist sehr populär bei Bangkoks Mittelschicht.


Abb.: Lage des Guanyin-Schreins (พระตำหนักพระแม่กวนอิม, โชคชัย 4)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983

Es erscheint der Song

คาราบาว [Carabao]: คนนิรนาม ["Namenlose Leute"] in der Audiokassette ท.ทหารอดทน ["Standhafte Soldaten"]

Der Song auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:track:3LM3GsiwyrYjVNGnkB7xMT
URL: https://open.spotify.com/track/3LM3GsiwyrYjVNGnkB7xMT


Abb.: Cover

1983

Das Album Pen Fan Gun Dai Young Ngai (เป็นแฟนกันได้ยังไง, "How can we become a couple?") der Mädchenband Sao Sao Sao (สาว สาว สาว) wird ein großer Erfolg.


Abb.: Cover
[Fair use]

Der Song auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:track:0uaKKrhmIsU7uFC4lEfuYt
URL: https://open.spotify.com/track/0uaKKrhmIsU7uFC4lEfuYt

"Sao Sao Sao (Thai: สาว สาว สาว) was a Thai pop music trio that performed from 1981 to 1989. The group consisted of Sauwaluk Leelaboot (เสาวลักษณ์ ลีละบุตร, 1965 - ), Patcharida Wattana (พัชริดา วัฒนา, 1967 - ), and Orawan Yenpoonsuk (อรวรรณ เย็นพูนสุข) then contract on record label Rod fai don tri. They are considered to be one of the most successful Thai girl groups.

Discography 

Album

  • Rak Pug Jai (รักปักใจ) (1981)
  • Pra Too Jai (ประตูใจ) (1982)
  • In Concert (1983)
  • Pen Fan Gun Dai Young Ngai (เป็นแฟนกันได้ยังไง) (1983)
  • Ha Khon Ruam Fun (หาคนร่วมฝัน) (1984)
  • Nai Wai Rien (ในวัยเรียน) (1985)
  • แมกไม้และสายธาร (1986)
  • Because I Love You (1987)
  • Together (1988)
  • Dokmai Kong Narm Jai (ดอกไม้ของน้ำใจ) (1989)"

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sao_Sao_Sao. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983

Gründung der Rockband Micro (ไมโคร).

Die Gruppe auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:artist:0QAE7vtf7znl9nN6822bM5
URL: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0QAE7vtf7znl9nN6822bM5


Abb.: CD-Titel 1986

1983

Premiere des Films Gunman (มือปืน) von Prinz Chatrichalerm Yugala (หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล, 1942 -). Der Film musste aufgrund der Polizeizensur nur zwei Änderungen gegenüber dem Drehbuch vornehmen:


Abb.: DVD-Cover
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"Gunman (Thai: มือปืน, or Mue puen, also known as The Sister-in-Law) is a 1983 Thai crime film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol (หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล, 1942 - ) and starring Sorapong Chatree (สรพงษ์ ชาตรี, 1950 - ) as an amputee assassin.

Plot

As the opening credits roll, the scene is from the point of a man on a motorcycle at night. The man gets off the bike, walks into a coffee shop, shoots one of the patrons with a pistol and then gets back on the motorcycle.

The scene then cuts to various bystanders being interviewed about what the man looked like. The descriptions vary wildly, except for one thing – the man walked with a limp.

The police are then on the lookout for anyone with a limp. They arrest one man walking down the street carrying a briefcase. In the struggle to apprehend the man, his briefcase comes open, spilling the contents – some sex toys – onto the sidewalk. Because such items are illegal in Thailand, the man is arrested.

At a nearby newsstand, another man witnesses the arrest. He turns and walks away – with a limp. He is the gunman, and his name is Sergeant Sommai. After losing a leg fighting for the Thai Special Forces during the Secret War in Laos, Sommai now works as a barber in a small shop in a canal community of suburban Bangkok.

One day Sommai is cutting hair, when his young son is attacked on a nearby footbridge by some neighborhood boys. They are taunting the boy for having a one-legged father and no mother. Sommai must leave the shop, making a customer angry, to attend to the boy.

After the neighborhood bullies are chased away, Sommai's son collapses and starts having some sort of seizure. A local doctor is ill-equipped to treat the boy and recommends he be looked after at home. Sommai has a problem, being a single father, and needing to work, he must find someone else to look after the boy. He asks his vain, selfish ex-wife, who left Sommai after he lost his leg. She refuses. But Nid, the younger sister of his ex-wife, readily agrees. The two, with the boy, then bond as family unit.

Meanwhile, the Bangkok press is abuzz with a police hero, Special Branch Inspector Thanu, known as the Black Hand, for the trademark black leather glove he wears on his gun hand. He cultivated a fearsome reputation, even though the kills he claims credit for were often the work of his subordinates. Thanu also has difficulties at home, with a dissatisfied wife.

One of Thanu's subordinates, Officer Chalam, independently investigates the shooting by the one-legged gunman, and through methodical casework, he determines that the gunman is likely an ex-military man, which narrows the suspects down considerably. Chalam immediately suspects Sommai, however Thanu tries to divert attention to other cases.

It turns out that Thanu was Sommai's lieutenant in the Secret War, and it was through Thanu's cowardly actions that Sommai was left on the field with a leg blown off, to be captured by the Pathet Lao (ປະເທດລາວ) while Thanu and the rest of platoon escape to safety on a helicopter. At all costs, Thanu would rather not confront his old sergeant again. Thanu goes as far as visiting Sommai at his barbershop, telling Sommai to go into hiding.

Sommai's son's illness is growing worse. Another doctor says the cause is a tumor at the base of the boy's brain, and that a specialist doctor in an overseas hospital can possibly save the boy. The pressure is now on Sommai to take more assassination jobs. His wheelman is a mute motorcyclist named Khan, and the two plan more jobs.

Chalam has disobeyed orders by Thanu to stay away from Sommai, and has informants following Sommai's every move. After one shooting is narrowly averted, leaving the intended target only injured, Thanu can no longer ignore Sommai.

Thanu is then given the job of watching over an important government minister. Sommai has taken on the job of killing the minister, and succeeds. His mute motorcyclist friend Khan betrays him, but Sommai is able to free himself from Khan and kill him. He then visits his handler, just as his handler and another man are plotting Sommai's demise, obtains the payment, and then kills the two men.

Sommai then goes to the hospital to retrieve his son. Thanu's team is waiting for him, but Sommai takes Thanu hostage. Holding an automatic pistol to Thanu's head, he and is able to obtain a promise from the prime minister that Nid and the boy will be allowed to leave the country. After Nid arrives at the airport and assures Sommai via two-way radio that she will be okay, Sommai surrenders, and hands his pistol to Thanu, who takes it and aims at Sommai's back, but then puts the gun down. However, Chalam raises his pistol, and against the orders of Thanu, who shouts "No!", fires, most likely killing Sommai.

Cast
  • Sorapong Chatree (สรพงษ์ ชาตรี, 1950 - )  as Sergeant Sommai Moungthup
  • Ron Rittichai (รณ ฤทธิชัย, 1949 - ) as Inspector Thanu Adharn
Production

The opening shot was filmed by Chatrichalerm Yukol himself, who used a hand-held camera while riding on the back of a motorcycle. The shot was done in three takes, with the third take being used. "After the third one I wouldn't do it again. It was pretty risky. You're practically blind, when you get off the bike you have to walk into the coffee shop shoot the man and walk back, back on the motorbike with your eyes on the viewfinder, you have to do all the focus-pulling yourself, it was pretty painful. But that was still an easy shot", he told interviewer Thomas Richardson in 1993.[1]

Another scene involving the helicopter sequence in the Secret War flashback scene has mistakenly thought to be copied from Oliver Stone's Platoon, which in fact was made in 1986, three years after the release of Gunman. The shot focused on Sommai on the ground as the helicopter rose into the air. "Pretty painful shot, I think. We have a lot of painful shots in that film", Chatrichalerm said in the 1993 interview. "It's difficult because you have to center him the whole time, zoom out at the right time, pull the focus".[1]

Gunman series

Gunman was followed in 1994 by Salween (สาละวิน),  which was also entitled Gunman 2 (Thai: มือปืน 2, or Mue puen 2). However, aside from the presence of Sorapong Chatree, who stars in Salween as a tough, veteran police sergeant, as well as Ron Rittichai, who portrays a SLORC colonel, the stories and characters of the two films have no relation, so Salween is a sequel to Gunman in name only.

DVD

The DVD of the film, with English language subtitles, was released in Thailand on an all-region, PAL disc."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunman_%28film%29. -- Zugriff am 2013-03-18]

1983

SEAwritelogo.png

Komtuan Khantanu (= Prasatporn Poosusilapadhorn) (คมทวน คันธนู = ประสาทพร ภูสุศิลป์ธร, 1950 - ) erhält den Southeast Asian Writers Award

1983

Es erscheint die Kurzgeschichtensammlung:

Pira Sudham <1942 - >: Siamese drama and other stories from Thailand. -- Bangkok : Siam Media International, 1983. -- 133 S.

Die Titelgeschichte handelt von einem Bauernmädchen, das professionelle Sexarbeiterin wird.

1983

Es erscheint der Roman

ลาว คำหอม [ คำสิงห์ ศรีนอก] [Lao Kham Hom = Kamsing Srinok] <1930 - >: แมว [Die Katze]


Abb.: Einbandtitel

Der Autor hatte den Roman nach 1973-10-14 begonnen, nach dem blutigen Putsch 1976-10-06 verschwand das unvollendete Manuskript. Der Autor schrieb den Roman nochmals im Exil in Schweden und volleendet und veröffentlicht ihn nach seiner Rückkehr nach Thailand.

1983

Es erscheint erstmals die Zeitschrift Manager Weekly (ผู้จัดการรายสัปดาห์). Herausgeber ist Sondhi Limthongkul (สนธิ ลิ้มทองกุล / 林明達, 1947 - ).


Abb.: Sondhi Limthongkul (สนธิ ลิ้มทองกุล), 2009
[Bildquelle: Angilee Shah. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/angshah/3452240260/. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, share alike)]

"Sondhi Limthongkul (Thai: สนธิ ลิ้มทองกุล; Chinese: 林明達; pinyin: Lin Mingda, born 7 November 1947) is a Thai media mogul and leader of the right-wing People's Alliance for Democracy (พันธมิตรประชาชนเพื่อประชาธิปไตย, PAD). He was elected for leader of the New Politics Party (พรรคการเมืองใหม่ ก.ม.ม, NPP).

Starting his career as a journalist, he later founded Manager Daily (ผู้จัดการรายวัน) newspaper as well as satellite broadcaster ASTV. Originally a strong supporter of former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (ทักษิณ ชินวัตร), he later became a leader of the anti-Thaksin movement. Under his leadership, the PAD was the major player in the 2005–2006 Thai political crisis that led to the 2006 military coup that toppled the Thaksin government. When Thaksin-affiliated parties won the 2007 general election, Sondhi became the major player in the 2008–2009 Thai political crisis, leading the PAD in violent clashes with security forces and anti-PAD protestors as well as the seizure of Government House, Don Muang Airport (ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง), and Suvarnabhumi Airport (ท่าอากาศยานสุวรรณภูมิ). Sondhi is more or less a supporter of the Democrat Party (พรรคประชาธิปัตย์) and stopped the PAD's protests after Democrat leader Abhisit Vejjajiva (อภิสิทธิ์ เวชชาชีวะ) was appointed Prime Minister.

In April 2009, Abhisit faced massive anti-government protests led by the pro-Thaksin red shirts which caused the Fourth East Asian Summit to be canceled and was followed by riots in Bangkok. Days after the Bangkok unrest was quelled by military force, gunmen ambushed Sondhi's car, a black Toyota Vellfire, at a petrol station. They shot out the tires, and fired over 100 M-16 and AK-47 assault rifle rounds at the car. The attackers escaped from the scene when Sondhi's followers in another car opened fire on them. Sondhi suffered a serious head wound but remained conscious, standing and lucid before being sent to a hospital for emergency surgery.[1] Sondhi survived the surgery, which involved removing several bullet fragments embedded about half a centimetre deep in his skull. He was visited by relatives afterwards.[2] It is not certain who was behind the shooting, though Sondhi's son and PAD's spokesmen speculated that a faction of the military or police might have been behind it."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sondhi_Limthongkul. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983

Es erscheint:

McGehee, Ralph W. (Walter) <1928 - >: Deadly deceits : my 25 years in the CIA. -- New York : Sheridan Square, 1983. -- 231 S. ; 23 cm. -- ISBN 0-940380-02-1. -- Darin berichtet der Autor auch über seine Tätigkeiten als CIA-Agent in Thailand


Abb.: Einbandtitel

"Ralph Walter McGehee (born 1928) served for 25 years in American intelligence, being a former case officer of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Since leaving intelligence work in 1977, he has publicly expressed a highly critical view of the CIA.[1]

Early life, family

McGehee was born in 1928 at Moline, Illinois.[2] His father, originally from the Kentwood, Louisiana (three generations there, of Scotch-Irish), had moved to Illinois when a teenager. His mother was from neighboring Osyka, Mississippi. Along with his older sister, they then had moved from Moline to Chicago about 1930. Ralph McGehee, at a "lower middle class" high school in south Chicago, was All State in football, and class president. Although a Baptist, he attended the University of Notre Dame where he was an All-American tackle on the football team. For the four seasons 1946 to 1949, they never lost a game, and won three national championships.[3] McGehee obtained a B.S. in Business Administration, cum laude.

In 1950 he had married. His future wife, Norma, he had met at a Presbyterian Church in south Chicago while home on vacation from Notre Dame. Eventually, they parented four children, two girls followed by two boys. Often but not always, his wife and children would move their family home to accompany him, while on foreign assignments with the CIA. After graduation, he tried professional football with the Green Bay Packers. Then he coached the offensive line in the football program at the University of Dayton for a year. Returning to Chicago, he took a job as a management trainee at Montgomery Ward.[4] In January 1952, McGehee was recruited by the CIA. Decades later, he would described himself, and his political outlook then, as "gung ho" America, a young cold warrior, ready to go.[5]

Understanding it was an important government job with foreign travel, first McGehee was interviewed at the courthouse. The recruiters declined to name the federal agency that might be his new employer. He traveled to Washington, D.C., where he joined a pool of over a 100 candidates, men and women. Several weeks of extensive testing and lectures followed. Having survived this shake out, he began a month-long orientation, which featured cold war rhetoric and films. With 50 men he entered a "basic operations" course on espionage, to fit them for the CIA's Directorate for Plans. Then with 30 others he attended a six-week paramilitary course at the CIA's Camp Peary (the "farm") near Williamsburg, Virginia. Many there were former college football players. The curriculum included parachute jumping, demolition, weapons, and a "hellish obstacle course".[6]

Thereafter he was posted to his initial CIA job.

CIA assignments Japan, Philippines, 1953-1956

[...]

CIA HQ, Washington, 1956-1959

[...]

Taiwan, 1959-1961[...] CIA HQ, Langley, 1961-1962

[...]

Thailand (1), 1962-1964

By its northern border Thailand is hill country. McGehee had set up a home/office. He worked on his Thai. On the wall he'd put a poster featuring an evil-looking Mao and Ho. Contributing to cold war tension was fear of a bloodbath in event of defeat. The liaison work dealt with the local Thai Border Patrol Police. The interpreter, Captain Song, also headed counterinsurgency operations. Song had good rapport with the locals and hill tribes, but "took an immediate dislike to anyone with direct authority over him." There were many minority ethnic groups in the rugged terrain, with several plotting for political independence from neighboring Burma. The remote hill tribes practiced a slash-and-burn agriculture, necessitating frequent relocations; their "major cash crop was opium from the poppy." At the moment the border was quiescent. China apparently failed to notice when their airplane accidentally crossed the border.[25]

Perhaps unintentionally, political infighting developed among some Americans. The CIA station chief was naturally gregarious, avoiding conflict. He'd nurtured a close relationship with Prime Minister Sarit Thanarat. The American ambassador, however, did not get along well with Sarit. At a well-attended state ceremony, Sarit avoided the ambassador in favor of the COS. This exacerbated ill-feelings at the top. McGehee called the COS "Rod Johnson".[26][27]

Meanwhile, the deputy COS called McGehee to report to the station. Also given a fictitious name, he had a bad reputation (bullying, manipulation, grudge holding). The COS and his deputy made a good cop, bad cop pair. That day, as McGehee listened, the deputy eventually came to the point where he "was tearing down my superiors in my presence and asking me to spy on them for him!" That day McGehee's ethics disappointed the deputy COS. McGehee figured he was added to the deputy's enemy list.[28]

On a 3-week hike to visit remote villages in the hill country, McGehee lost 20 pounds. Delivery of medical goods and agricultural implements to the tribes furthered the civil development side of counterinsurgency. To further both objectives, "small mountain airstrips" would facilitate transport to the more isolated areas. The first Yao village had about "two dozen bamboo houses with roofs of thatch" spread out on the hillside. The "gentle, intelligent" village headman agree, at an evening meal, to build the airstrips. That morning a CIA plane had dropped supplies by parachute, scattering them over the mountain forest. A location for the airstrip was found, and young men selected to be trained. Other airstrips were arranged at other villages. Yet a few years later, because of "communist influence on the Lao border" the villages were "bombed and napalmed" by Thai warplanes. It was a bitter end for the hill tribes.[29]

CIA HQ, Langley, 1964-1965

At the Thai desk in Langley, McGehee's job was to kept track of the continuations of the work he'd done in Thailand. He called it paper pushing. The general advise was not to be harsh, which seemed to encourage platitudes. Many of the reports from Bangkok station concerned the Communist Party of Thailand. Once a week William Colby, the Far East division chief (and later DCI), would review the reports (with Langley comments) and pass on "rating sheets" that'd been written up. These would be sent back to the reporting stations around the world, where they'd be read with gravitas as the view from headquarters.

It was announced that Colby would brief a Congressional committee about the 'secret war' in Laos. He wanted approval for new plans of CiA. At first McGehee was pleased to be part of the team doing the preparation work. Colby stressed the importance of using the right word. In finding the best name for Hmong tribal groups that fought against communists guerillas, the middle path between "Hunter-Killer Teams" and "Home Defense Units" was agreed to be "Mobile Strike Forces". Facts seemed open to be tweaked into what might make a better argument. An 'ineffective' present situation could become 'what it might be'. McGehee considered it "duping Congress". Colby obtained approval.[30]

President Johnson began to escalate the war in Vietnam. In Thailand a China-based group announced the start of the revolution. McGehee asked his desk chief to help him arrange a return to Thailand.[31]

Thailand (2), 1965-1967 CIA HQ, Langley, 1967-1968

McGehee arrived at headquarters still mystified by the surprising and unexplained decision of Colby to terminate the Survey program, which had achieved such significant results, and received high praise. During his last months in Thailand McGehee had labored with intense dedication to make it a success. Then the COS had ordered him out of Thailand. The plum job in Taiwan that had been dangled before him was a ruse to get him to leave, and was already cancelled. McGehee writes that he was "having a difficult time justifying my previously idealistic view of the Agency."[32]

The head of China activities offered him a desk job. Repetitive failure defined the task: "recruiting a Chinese official to be our spy." The track record showed a cyclical series of ineffective events: new idea, enthusiasm, field action, failure, new idea... .[33] Despite the Sino-Soviet split, McGehee thought, some in the China desk seemed to have a "vested interest" in keeping China as a major enemy. The CIA had obtained a recent, 40-page China document that detailed the PRC's long-range foreign policy and short-range moves. Nonetheless, China desk decided not to circulate it, McGehee reasoned, because the PRC's plans were reasonable, not belligerent.[34]

He wrote a memorandum to put the Thailand Survey program back in play. First he sent it to Colby's new replacement at the Far East division (without success), then to a suggestion committee. The chief at China desk then told him that he'd ruffled the Far East division, and that he was jeopardizing his own career. McGehee wrote later about his "awakening" to see the CIA in a new, cynical way. Vietnam was in a situation somewhat similar to Thailand. He volunteered to serve CIA in Vietnam, something nobody with a eye on their career was doing in 1968. Then, out of the blue, the CIA's office of training then told him how good the Survey program looked. They were already teaching this "McGehee method" as a major part of counterinsurgency training at the CIA "farm" in Virginia. Yet the Far East division remained uninterested.[35]

Vietnam, 1968-1970 CIA HQ, Langley, 1970

McGehee was set to return for another tour of duty in Thailand. At headquarters he attended several briefings, yet he was growing increasingly dissatisfied with the CIA as an institution. While back home he looked for another job, but his lack of any work history (due to his inability to list his CIA employment) sank his efforts. In addition, his transforming state of mind made it difficult for him to effectively communicate, with anyone. He could not talk to his children about his changing attitudes toward the CIA and the cold war. In Georgetown he noticed young dissenters. He wanted the war to stop, too, but felt paralyzed by internal conflicts.[36][37]

Thailand (3), 1970-1972

The Thailand station was a large installation.[38] McGehee performed as "deputy chief of the anti-Communist Party operations branch". He supervised many case officers working in liaison. Yet he realized that with the CIA nothing had changed—except his own views. U.S policy goals determined what intelligence was collected. In support of a military dictatorship the CIA "never reported derogatory information". American intelligence often came from Thai leaders or liaison counterparts. Agency case officers were forbidden to "maintain direct contact with the general population". 80% of Thais were farmers, but their issues were seldom addressed. For a case officer to get information from the working classes, he risked getting the labeled "gone native" followed by a ticket home. McGehee mentions the secret war in Laos, but he did not directly participate. Although remaining committed "to stop the spread of the Communist Party of Thailand" he opposed what he considered the CIA's false testimony and counterproductive operations.[39]

In Udorn, north Thailand, McGehee met with the police Colonel he'd worked with on the Survey program. McGehee noticed he'd changed, from a hard working, no non-sense leader, to a more relaxed cynic. They spoke together for hours at a hotel's roof-top restaurant. McGehee found the Survey Lieutenant in Bangkok. Stationed in south Thailand, he now faced an insurgency, and spoke up about how good the Survey project went. Confused about why it'd been dropped, McGehee replied that it'd been overruled by higher-ups. Latter in a coffee shop McGehee spotted a classmate from the CIA paramilitary course at its farm in Virginia almost 20 years ago. He'd fought in the secret war, where the CIA had led the Hmong tribe to defeat. "We contemplated each other, and a thousand thoughts passed unspoken between us.".[40]

Failing to get a promised promotion McGehee wrote "a long, bitter memorandum" that he routed to the COS.[41][42] McGehee claimed that the current, unnamed COS "let his secretary run the station". The touring CIA Inspector General had put McGehee on "special probation". Yet very soon McGehee required back surgery. He was flown to Georgetown Hospital in Washington.[43]

CIA HQ, Langley, 1972-1977 Career Intelligence Medal

[...]

Writings, speeches after CIA service

After leaving the Central Intelligence Agency, McGehee brought to the public his highly critical views, based on his experience. He has discussed and illustrated how the CIA's covert actions and interventionist policies can produce unfavorable outcomes.[48] His articles on CIA activities have appeared in the Washington Post, The Nation, The Progressive, Harper's Magazine and Gannet News Service among others. He also developed CIABASE, a website containing information on events, people, and programs concerning the CIA or American intelligence, including links to other texts available to the public.[49]

In his 1983 book, Deadly Deceits: My 25 Years in the CIA,[50] McGehee recounts his duties as a intelligence agent. For several decades he was assigned to East Asia, performing in the field and at CIA stations in Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Details of the practices and techniques of a CIA case officer are given. He shows how he gradually changed his view of the Agency. CIA operations in many cases damage the people affected, and overall results are often negative for America, our allies, or the world. CIA intelligence can be altered or pitched so that political purposes frequently trump the accurate information.[51] Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair praised it as "one of the outstanding books written by former CIA agents".[52][53] The book was published again in 1999 with updates.

Deadly Deceits has some peculiarities. CIA policy required its personnel to sign a contract stipulating CIA pre-publication approval for writings about their Agency experience. McGehee makes the case that CIA's review was meant to harass, and to delay or stonewall publication, not protect secrets. By persistence he eventually got around CIA objections, yet: deleted passages are marked, occurring throughout the book;[54] aliases are used for most people (listed in the index with quotation marks); and McGehee, because he himself could not mention certain facts based on his own experience due to CIA claims that such were still classified, quotes from published books to convey the same or similar material. CIA tactics did delay publication. Among books written by former CIA, it was "the last of the major exposés of the era."[55][56]

Tribunal on CIA Operations

McGehee has been invited to speak at political events, rallies, and at colleges and universities. He has given interviews to the press, television, and other media.[57]

Controversies

He has discussed his time spent in Vietnam[58] and claimed that the CIA supported anti-Communist counterinsurgency in the Philippines,[59]

A downside of his book, Deadly Deceits, was McGehee's personal knowledge of the extent to which the famed physician, Thomas Anthony Dooley III, was involved in CIA warfare across Indochina. This included awareness that the atrocities alleged in the best seller, "Deliver Us From Evil", 1956, were fabricated for the beginning of a psywar campaign (later revealed by the Church Committee in 1975).

A 1981 allegation by McGehee about CIA involvement in the Indonesian killings of 1965–1966 was censored by the CIA, prompting the American Civil Liberties Union to sue on his behalf.[60] The CIA prevailed.[61] McGehee described the terror of Suharto's takeover in 1965-66 as "the model operation" for the US-backed coup that got rid of Salvador Allende in Chile seven years later: "The CIA forged a document purporting to reveal a leftist plot to murder Chilean military leaders, just like what happened in Indonesia in 1965."[62]

In 1999 he also filed a Freedom of Information request, claiming that he had been harassed since 1993, suspected to be because of his criticisms. Asking for a halt of the actions, he sent a letter to the president of the United States, the director of the CIA, and his town council, documenting many of the incidents. He asserted his intention to pursue the issue through the FOIA process because of receiving no response to earlier letters.[63]"

[Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_McGehee. -- Zugriff am 2016-05-31]

"This book is a journey through my 25 years in the CIA. I worked from 1952 to 1977 in many places, including Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Langley, Virginia. I had a range of jobs, both in cities and rural areas, working as a case officer on covert operations, as a paramilitary operator, as a liaison officer with foreign police and intelligence agencies, and as an intelligence analyst. I also studied the CIA for years after I retired. This range of experience and research has led me to realizations and conclusions, many of which are unpleasant and painful to me. I choose now to share these experiences and conclusions for two main reasons.

The first is political. I want to reveal to those who still believe in the myths of the CIA what it is and what it actually does. My explanation will not include the usual pap fed to us by Agency spokesmen. My view backed by 25 years of experience is, quite simply, that the CIA is the covert action arm of the Presidency. Most of its money, manpower, and energy go into covert operations that, as we have seen over the years, include backing dictators and overthrowing democratically elected governments. The CIA is not an intelligence agency. In fact, it acts largely as an anti-intelligence agency, producing only that information wanted by policymakers to support their plans and suppressing information that does not support those plans. As the covert action arm of the President, the CIA uses disinformation, much of it aimed at the U.S. public, to mold opinion. It employs the gamut of disinformation techniques from forging documents to planting and discovering "communist" weapons caches. But the major weapon in its arsenal of disinformation is the "intelligence" it feeds to policymakers. Instead of gathering genuine intelligence that could serve as the basis for reasonable policies, the CIA often ends up distorting reality, creating out of whole cloth "intelligence" to justify policies that have already been decided upon. Policymakers then leak this "intelligence" to the media to deceive us all and gain our support. Now that President Reagan, in his Executive Order of December 4, 1981, has authorized the Agency to operate within the United States, the situation can only worsen."

[a.a.O., S. XI. -- Fair use]

"On the day of my departure [1964] the entire counterinsurgency force turned out for a formal military review. I hated to leave. I really liked the Thai people and especially the men I had worked with. At the time I did not realize that my work in Thailand had been part of a plan by the President’s national security advisers to develop and deploy CIA paramilitary capabilities around the world. I still naively believed the CIA’s main purpose was to gather intelligence. I left the North with sadness, but with enormous pride in myself and in the CIA for having done an important job well.

That pride turned to bitterness and anger when I eventually learned of the fate of the hill-tribe villages my team had visited and tried to help. A few years later, because of growing communist influence in the Lao border area, the villages were shelled, bombed, and napalmed by the Thais. Our efforts had apparently laid the groundwork for the tragic destruction of the hill tribes."

[a.a.O., S. 80. -- Fair use]

"My job as deputy chief of the anti-Communist Party operations branch required that I help the chief of the branch supervise the activities of a number of persons, mostly case officers working in liaison. But I soon realized that nothing had changed except my perception about the CIA’s work. We were doing the same old things as before, collecting intelligence designed to support U.S. policy goals in Thailand. This meant, of course, supporting the military dictatorship in power and ignoring problems caused by it. For the most part we got our intelligence directly from the leaders themselves or our liaison counterparts, who never, never reported derogatory information about the regime. We lived in a fantasy world; conversations sounded like the movies. We all had assigned roles and lines. To speak outside of the script was to bring down the wrath of all. Even now I have difficulty understanding how we played the game.

As in Iran, Vietnam, Latin America, and other areas of the world, we only wanted intelligence that told us our policies were correct. We did not want to know that the U.S.- backed dictators brutalized their people and that those people were angry.

To avoid hearing such news, the Agency did not allow its case officers to maintain direct contact with the general population. We sent case officers — only a few of whom knew the native language — on two-year tours. The case officers worked with the English-speaking members of the society’s elite, never with the grubby working class. Although more than 80 percent of the Thai population are farmers, in 30 years there the Agency virtually never wrote an intelligence report based on an interview with a farmer (other than my survey reports). Instead it wrote reports on the problems government leaders-dictators were having with the rebellious people. If a language-qualified officer did develop contacts with the working classes and began getting information from them, he was immediately labeled derisively as having "gone native" and was soon on his way back to the States. I had seen the same pattern in Taiwan years before, but it hadn’t occurred to me that anything was wrong. And we continue to see the same pattern today, as Agency bungling of intelligence in, among others, Iran and El Salvador in recent years have shown.

Thailand station was a large installation and its activities demonstrate many of the things that were wrong with the CIA. The station conducted a wide range of covert operations: counterinsurgency, psychological, paramilitary, external political and others. "

[a.a.O., S. 165f. -- Fair use]

1983

Es erscheint

Sunthon Phu = สุนทรภู่ <1786 - 1855>: Endlose Trauer = รำพัน พิลาป : siamesische Dichtung / übertragen von Volkmar Zühlsdorff [1912 - 2006]. -- Zürich : v. Oppersdorff, 1983. -- 60 S. : Ill.  ; 29 cm. -- (Studien zur Literatur der Thai / Bd. 2. Text und Interpretationen von und zu Suntho̧n Phū und seinem Kreis 1985) ISBN 3-85834-020-0. -- Deutsch - Thai Paralleltext


Abb.: Einbandtitel

1983

Es erscheint

Gosling, L. A. Peter (Lee Anthony Peter) <1927 - >: Chinese crop dealers in Malaysia and Thailand : the Myth of the merciless monopsonistic middleman. -- In: The Chinese in Southeast Asia / ed. by Linda Y.C. [Yuen Ching] Lim & L.A. Peter Gosling. -- Singapore : Maruzen Asia, 1983. -- ISBN 9971954095. -- Vol. 1. -- S. 131 - 170

""The Chinese has no heart. He is one big stomach which eats everything I have. He is the reason I am always poor" says a Malay farmer.

"The Chinese is the only person who is honest with me. He gives much more than he takes," says a Thai farmer."

[a.a.O., zitiert in: Sng, Jeffery ; Pimphraphai Bisalputra [พิมพ์ประไพ พิศาลบุตร] <1945 - >: A history of the Thai-Chinese. -- Singapore : Didier Millet, 2015. -- 447 S. : Ill. ; 26 cm. -- ISBN 978-981-4385-77-0. -- S. 224]

1983

Zusammenbruch des Charter Investment Schneeballsystems von Ekkayuth Anchanbutr (เอกยุทธ อัญชันบุตร).

"Ekkayuth Anchanbutr  (เอกยุทธ อัญชันบุตร) is a Thai former pyramid scheme operator and political activist.

Ekkayuth was the head of the controversial Charter Investment pyramid scheme, which collapsed in 1983. He fled to England in 1984 to avoid charges. Ekkayuth then invested the proceeds of pyramid scheme in a chain of oriental supermarkets and is estimated to have accumulated a personal wealth of billions.

In 2004, after the 20 year statute of limitations was exhausted, he returned to Thailand and launched a campaign against Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (ทักษิณ ชินวัตร, 1949 - ). His Thailand Insider website was strongly critical of the Premier, and was temporarily blocked by Thai authorities on June 21, 2005 and again on December 15."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekkayuth_Anchanbutr. -- Zugriff am 2012-06-07]

1983

Es erscheint:

Stevenson, Ian <1918 - 2007>: Cases of the reincarnation type. -- Vol. 4: Twelve cases in Thailand and Burma. -- Charlottesville : University Press of Virginia, 1983.

1983

Tod des Südostasienspezialisten Horace Geoffrey Quaritch Wales (geb. 1900).

"Horace Geoffrey Quaritch Wales (meist H. G. Quaritch Wales; * 1900 in London; † 1983 ebenda [1]) war ein englischer Orientalist, der sich vor allem mit der Kulturgeschichte Indiens, Burmas und Siams beschäftigte.

Quaritch Wales war der Enkel von Bernard Quaritch, einem aus Deutschland ausgewanderten Begründer der gleichnamigen Antiquariats- und Verlagsbuchhandlung in London (1847). Er unternahm zahlreiche Reisen nach Indien und Südostasien. So beobachtete er u.a. 1930 die Schaukelzeremonie (Sao Ching Cha - เสาชิงช้า) im Wat Suthat (วัดสุทัศน เทพวราราม ราชวรมหาวิหาร), Bangkok und beschrieb sie in seinem Buch Siamese State Ceremonies : their history and function; auch beschrieb er die heute weitgehend verlorengegangenen Rituale im Zusammenhang mit Schwangerschaft und Geburt in Siam[2].

Von 1950 bis 1971 war Quaritch Wales im Verwaltungsrat des Quaritch Verlags.

Veröffentlichungen
  • Universe Around Them: Cosmology and Cosmic Renewal in Indianized South-east Asia. (Probsthain's oriental series). Probsthain 1978. ISBN 0853820066.
  • Siamese State Ceremonies : their history and function. London: Bernard Quaritch 1931.
  • The Making of Greater India : a study in Southeast Asian culture change. 3. A. London: Quaritch 1974. ISBN 0853880921.
  • Early Burma, Old Siam : a comparative commentary. London: Quaritch 1973. ISBN 0853880867.
  • The mountain of God: A study in early religion and kingship. London: Quaritch 1953.
  • Prehistory and religion in South-east Asia. London: Quaritch 1957.
  • Ancient South-east Asian warfare. London: Quaritch 1952. (lange ein Standardwerk)
  • The Indianization of China and of South East Asia. London: Quaritch 1967. ISBN 0853880417.
  • Angkor and Rome: A historical comparison. London: Quaritch 1965.
  • Divination in thailand the hopes and fears of a Southeast Asian People. Curzon Press 1981.
  • Ancient Siamese government and administration. [Repr. d. Ausg. London 1934] Paragon 1965.
  • Dvaravati: Earliest Kingdom of Siam. London: Quaritch 1969. ISBN 0853880026.
  • The exploration of Sri Deva: An ancient Indian city in Indochina. India Society 1937.
Einzelnachweise
  1. lt. Mitteilung von Richard Linenthal, Bernard Quaritch Ltd., am 10. September 2008
  2. H. G. Quaritch: Theory and ritual connected with pregnancy, birth and infancy. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Bd. 63 (1033), 441-451"

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Geoffrey_Quaritch_Wales. -- Zugriff am 2012-06-18]

1983


Abb.: Denkmal für Rama V. mit Telefon vor "General Post Office" (ไปรษณีย์กลาง), Bangkok, Charoen Krung Rd. (ถนนเจริญกรุง), 1983
[Bildquelle: Gregory Melle. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/32267947@N06/3067584744. -- Zugriff am 2013-07-13. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, keine Bearbeitung)]

1983

Die irische New-Wave-Band The Boomtown Rats gastiert in Bangkok.

Die Gruppe auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:artist:40oYPr305MsT2lsiXr9fX9
URL: https://open.spotify.com/artist/40oYPr305MsT2lsiXr9fX9


Abb.: The Boomtown Rats, Niederlande, 1982
[Bildquelle: Marco DE NIET. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/neasden/8627592404/. -- Zugriff am 2013-04-24. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, share alike)]  

1983

Architekt Boonyawat Tiptus (บุญญวัฒน์ ทิพทัส) & Architektin Pussadee Tiptus (ผุสดี ทิพทัส): Fertigstellung des Hauses

1983

Briefmarken:

1983

Frankreich: Premiere der Filmkomödie Mon curé chez les Thaïlandaises von Robert Thomas (1927 - 1989)

1983

Es erscheint der Siam-Roman

Cartland, Barbara <1901 - 2000>: Journey to a star. -- New York : bantam, 1983. -- 151 S.  18 cm. -- ISBN 0553231928


Abb.: Einbandtitel einer späteren Ausgabe

1983

In verschiedenen Ländern: Beginn des Einsatzes von Chip-Karten, zunächst als Telefonkarten. Chip-Karten setzen sich weltweit durch.


Abb.: Thailändischer Personalausweis (
บัตรประจำตัวประชาชน) mit Chip-Karte, 2008

1983

Die japanische Firma Sony bringt Betamovie BMC-110, den ersten Camcorder, auf den Markt.


Abb.: Sony GCS-1 SuperBETA Movie 1985
[Bildquelle: WITNESS.org. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/20926531@N04/7211486350. -- Zugriff am 2013-10-01. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, keine Bearbeitung)]

1983

Der japanische Kolumnist Akio Nakamori (中森 明夫, 1960 - ) prägt den Begriff Otaku (おたく/オタク) im Sinne von "term for people with obsessive interests, commonly the anime (アニメ) and manga (漫画 ) fandom." (Wikipedia)


2526 / 1983 datiert


1983-01

In den Provinzen Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม) und Udon Thani (อุดรธานี) ergeben sich 422 Mitglieder der Kommunistischen Partei Thailands (CPT, พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ แห่งประเทศไทย)


Abb.: Lage der Provinzen Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม) und Udon Thani (อุดรธานี)
[Bildquelle: CIA. -- Public domain]

1983-01-03

Gründung der nordostthailändischen Mun River Literary Group (MRLG). Gründungsmitglieder sind die Schriftsteller:

Weitere Mitglieder sind u.a.


Abb.: Lage des Mun River (แม่น้ำมูล)
[Bildquelle: CIA. -- Public domain]

1983-01-04

Die brahmanische Haarschopf-Schneide-Zeremonie stirbt langsam aus. An der jährlichen öffentlichen Zeremonie im brahmanischen Tempel nehmen nur noch 97 Kinder teil. 60 Jahre früher waren es noch 500.

1983-01-12

Feierliche Eröffnung des Sirikit Oilfield (แหล่งน้ำมันสิริกิติ์) in Lan Krabue (ลานกระบือ), Provinz Kamphaeng Phet (กำแพงเพชร). Dies ist die erste Erdölbohrstation Thailands.


Abb.: Lage von Lan Krabue (ลานกระบือ)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-01-16

Der frühere (1977 - 1980) Ministerpräsident Kriangsak Chomanan (พลเอก เกรียงศักดิ์ ชมะนันทน์, 1917 - 2003) wird in Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่) Mönch. Seine Ordination leitet der Sangharaja (พระสังฆราช). Kriangsak bleibt 50 Tage lang Mönch.


Abb.: Lage von Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-01-17

Eröffnung des Expressway-Abschnitts Din Daeng (แหล่งน้ำมันสิริกิติ์) - Bang Na (บางนา).


Abb.: Expressway  Din Daeng (แหล่งน้ำมันสิริกิติ์) - Bang Na (บางนา)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Abb.: Abschnitt des Expressway  Din Daeng (แหล่งน้ำมันสิริกิติ์) - Bang Na (บางนา
)
[Bildquelle: ©Google earth. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-01-26

Das Rätsel des Todes von Millionen von Fischen in 27 Provinzen innerhalb von einigen Wochen ist gelöst: es ist eine bakterielle Erkrankung. Die Fische sind dafür anfällig wegen der vielen Reste von Pestiziden in Gewässern. In der Provinz Suphan Buri (สุพรรณบุรี), dem größten Fischzuchtzentrum Thailands, beträgt der materielle Schaden ca. 40 Mio. Baht.


Abb.: Lage der Provinz Suphan Buri (สุพรรณบุรี)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-02

Aus einem Interview mit Dr. Seri Wongmontha (เสรี วงษ์มณฑา, 1949 - ). Dr. Seri hat sich als Homosexueller geoutet.


Abb.: Einbandtitel eines Buchs von Dr. Seri Wongmontha (เสรี วงษ์มณฑา)

"Those who aren’t [gay/homosexual] don’t become [gay/homosexual]. If you are born normal like that, you are lucky already. If somebody is at the crossroads, please don’t become gay, because if you are gay already, it’s a dead-end.

[Question: So if you don’t want others to be gay, why did you get involved with others, thereby making them gay?]

The people I will mess around with have three characteristics.

  • First, they must be full men who have had experience with women already, so it won’t be like tasting sex with a man for the first sexual experience and then they get hooked.
  • Second, they must be confident in their "sexuality" [English word used].
  • Third, they must continue to be with women too. If they stop seeing women and I can see they are becoming hooked on this kind of sex, I must "say goodbye" [English used, meaning "end the relationship"]. . . . But if you tell me you haven’t been with a woman yet, I’ll say, "Go and try," and [I’ll] say, "Women are better for sure. Go and try. . . . But if after a while you still don’t go, and if you are just with me, I don’t want that—you must have a girlfriend." Almost all the men I’ve been with are married. I dumped three men for the same reason: they all were showing tendencies [to be gay]. . . . They fell for me more than I did for them, so I broke up with them and persuaded them to see prostitutes. After I persuaded them, they still didn’t go. Four years later, they are more womanly than I am. You can’t blame me. The truth is, I helped them step out of the closet. .. and stopped them from being a "closet queen" [English used] and to become a "screaming queen" [English used].

(Kirati, Aphirat, and Kittisak 1993, 138-139)"

[Übersetzt in: Sinnott, Megan J.: Toms and dees : transgender identity and female same-sex relationships in Thailand. -- Honolulu : University of Hawaii Pr., 2004. -- 261 S. : Ill. ; 24 cm. -- ISBN 0824828526. -- Zugl. Diss., Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, 2002. -- S. 101f.]

1983-02-01

Einrichtung der Anti-Terror-Einheit Unit Naraesuan 261 (นเรศวร 261) der Polizei.

"Naraesuan 261 (Thai: นเรศวร 261) is Special Operations Unit of The Royal Thai Police (ตำรวจแห่งชาติ).

History

Special Operations Unit "Naraesuan 261" was set up in 1983, Buddhist year 2526, by a Thai Cabinet Resolution. The Resolution, dated February 1, 2526 (1983), was a major policy decision designed to provide a force for counter-terrorism efforts.It was named in honor of King Naresuan the Great (สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช, 1555 - 1605).

The Royal Thai Police were given orders to set up training for a special division to accomplish these goals. The unit was founded in 1984, Buddhist year 2527, and placed under the control and responsibility of the Thai Border Patrol Police's Aerial Reinforcement Unit or PARU.

In late 1986, a Royal Decree, proclamation number 14, reorganized the Royal Thai Police and Naraesuan 261 was assigned as 4th company under the Border Patrol Police's (ตำรวจตระเวนชายแดน) Aerial Reinforcement Unit (PARU).

Special Operations Unit "Naresuan 261" has the responsibility of counter-terrorism and resulting criminal cases. The company also plays an important role as executive protection for His Majesty the King, Her Majesty the Queen and other members of the Royal Family when they travel around Thailand. Furthermore, the company acts as escorts for other foreign dignitaries and heads of state visiting Thailand.

Organization Management

4th Company, Border Patrol Police Aerial Reinforcement Unit, consists of a Company division with a raid platoon, ambush and patrol platoon, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) platoon, training platoon, and supporting platoon.

Training

Initial training was performed by members of the Royal Thai Police Department. Teams are divided up into units of 5 people following the model set up by Germany's GSG-9. Teams are trained in military tactics, sniping, waterborne operations, martial arts, and operation of a variety of vehicles.

After initial training, groups pass on their experiences to other members of the Special Operations Company. The Company will also assign members to train in foreign countries and bring the knowledge back to Thailand to further help train the Company. Standard training is broken up into five parts:

  1. International counter-terrorism training consisting of 24 weeks of training for new Police privates.
  2. International counter-terrorism training consisting of 6 weeks of training for Police who are now in active service as well as one week of anti-terrorism planning.
  3. Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) training consisting of 12 weeks of training.
  4. Sniper/counter-sniper training consisting of 4 weeks of training for those assigned to sniper positions.
  5. Electronics proficiency training consisting of 12 weeks of training for those assigned to the duty of Electronics Proficiency Officer.

The Company also takes part in cross-training with Special Operations divisions of the Royal Thai Military as well as training with their counterparts in various units in Australia, South Africa, Germany and the United States.

Operations

Special Company 'Naresuan 261' has cooperant escort duty for His Majesty the King, Her Majesty the Queen, and other members of the Royal Family when they travel around Thailand. They also train female members as an executive escort for Her Royal Highness Princess Siridhorn when she visits Border Patrol Police schools around Thailand.

The company has been involved in a number of high profile criminal cases including:

  1. Burmese student takeover of the Myanmar embassy in Bangkok on October 1–2, 1999 (2542).
  2. Takeover of the Ratchaburi Hospital in Ratchaburi Province (ราชบุรี) on January 24–25, 2000 (2543).
  3. Release of hostages from the Karen-Burmese rebellion at Samut Sakhon Province (สมุทรสาคร) Prison on November 22–23, 2000 (2543).

These three major successful operations were all under the control of Special Company 'Naresuan 261'. In all these situations, the mission was accomplished and the hostages were saved.

At present the Special Operation 'Naresuan 261' company is now developing additional tactics and has the support of the Royal Thai Police to provide them with the weapons they need to perform their work with efficiency."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naresuan_261_Counter-Terrorism_Unit. -- Zugriff am 2012-06-06]

1983-02-02

Papst Johannes Paul II. ernennt den Erzbischof von Bangkok, Michael Michai Kitbunchu (ไมเกิ้ล มีชัย กิจบุญชู, 1929 - ), zum ersten Kardinal (พระคาร์ดินัล) Thailands.


Abb.: Seine Eminenz Kardinal Michael Michai Kitbunchu (พระคาร์ดินัล ไมเกิ้ล มีชัย กิจบุญชู)
[Bildquelle: th.Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"Michael Michai Cardinal Kitbunchu (Thai: ไมเกิ้ล มีชัย กิจบุญชู, born 25 January 1929) is a Thai Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Bangkok from 1973 to 2009, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983.

 Early life and ministry

Michael Kitbunchu was born in Samphran (สามพราน), a district of the Nakhon Pathom Province (นครปฐม), and studied at the minor seminary of Siracha (ศรีราชา). He then furthered his studies at the Pontifical Urbanian Athenaeum De Propaganda Fide in Rome, from where he obtained a licentiate in both philosophy and theology. While in Rome, he was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian on December 20, 1959.

Upon his return to Thailand, Kitbunchu served as assistant pastor and then pastor in Bang Kham (บางขาม), and later became pastor of Calvary Parish in Bangkok.[2] He was also an archdiocesan consultor, and served as rector of the metropolitan seminary of Bangkok from 1965 to 1972.[1]

 Episcopal career

On December 18, 1972, Kitbunchu was appointed the second Archbishop of Bangkok by Pope Paul VI.[3] He received his episcopal consecration on June 3, 1973 from Archbishop Joseph Khiamsun Nittayo (ยอแซฟ เคียมสูน (ยวง) นิตโย), with Bishops Lawrence Thienchai Samanchit (ลอเรนซ์ เทียนชัย สมานจิต, 1931 - ) and Michel-Auguste-Marie Langer, MEP, serving as co-consecrators. He served as President of the Thai Episcopal Conference from 1979 to 1982, and again from 2000 to 2006.[1][2]

Pope John Paul II created him Cardinal-Priest of S. Lorenzo in Panisperna in the consistory of 2 February 1983; he is the first cardinal from Thailand.[1] Kitbunchu was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI.[3] He refused funeral Masses for drug traffickers, saying that such people "destroy society" and engage in "acts of indirect murder." He once expressed his opposition to abortion by saying, "Abortion is a great crime, because the one who should protect the child in her womb becomes the one who destroys the child."

During the 2006 political crisis in his country, Kitbunchu called for unity, saying, "All Thai people are patriotic and want the country to progress and develop on all fields, but now the political crisis has disturbed and worried the people."[6] He also asked Thais to "correct what is wrong and forgive each other."

Kitbunchu resigned from his position as Archbishop of Bangkok on May 14, 2009. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest active head of an archdiocese in the Latin Rite.

In addition to his native Thai, he can also speak Latin, English, Italian, French, and Chinese."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Michai_Kitbunchu. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-02-10

Zeitschrift สราญรมย์ (Saranrom): Prasong Soonsiri [ประสงค์ สุ่นศิริ] <1927 - >: Foreign policy implementation and security problem". Prasong ist seit 1980 Vorsitzender des Nationalen Sicherheitsrats.

"Vietnam still advances its interests through the Vietnamese refugees. In particular, it uses the refugees as instruments for subversion in and bargaining with Thailand. The refugee community is used as a base for Vietnam's future operations. For this reason, Vietnam has rejected our refugee repatriation programme."

[Zitiert von Khien Theeravit [เขียน ธีระวิทย์]. -- In: Regions and national integration in Thailand 1892 - 1992 / Volker Grabowsky [1959 - ] (ed.). -- Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1995. -- 296 S. ; 24 cm. -- ISBN 3-447-03608-7. -- "Papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Southeast Asia Studies at Passau University in June 1992". -- S. 278]

1983-02-13

Das US Peace Corps verlässt Malaysia. Seit 1962 waren über 3000 Freiwillige in Malaysia tätig gewesen.


Abb.: ®Logo

1983-02-18

Bericht der Bangkok Post über eine Polizei-Razzia gegen Kathoeys (กะเทย, Transgender)

"39 Detained In Police Crackdown

Tourist police on Friday and Saturday arrested 39 kathoey— transsexuals—for questioning, and several were detained on charges of vagrancy,

Tourist Police Chief Capt. Vichit Roeksasut said that one of the main aims of the Chinese New Year crackdown was to prevent "problems" from occurring between kathoeys and overseas tourists during the festive period.

He said that in the past there had been many Incidents involving kathoey and tourists.

The tourist police chief said the photographs, names and addresses of most of the kathoey were taken for the record, and they were released after questioning. Four were held in custody. Capt. Vichlt said there were some kathoeys who had caused numerous problems In the past. These people usually "operated" during the day he said.

"Surprisingly, those who are seen around at night do not cause that many problems," he said.

He said that most of the Incidents Involved theft, adding that police had had difficulty in "penetrating" the groups to discover who was responsible for committing various crimes.

Capt. Vichlt said one often used method of theft was for a kathoey to persuade a tourist to join him at a house where an accomplice was waiting. As the pair approached 1he house the accomplice would sneak under the bed and wait.

After the tourist had undressed, the kathoey beneath the bed would take some but not all of his money. When the tourist realised that some of his money was missing and started raising his voice, he would be told that he had probably spent the money earlier and forgotten about it, Capt. Vichit said."

[Zitiert in: Jackson, Peter A. <1956 - >: Dear Uncle Go : male homosexuality in Thailand : สวัสดีกรับ อาโก๋ ปากน้ำ. -- Bangkok : Bua Luang, 1995. -- 310 S. : Ill. ; 21 cm. -- ISBN 0942777115. -- Völlige Neubearbeitung von Ders.: Male homosexuality in Thailand : an interpretation of contemporary Thai sources (1989). -- S. 190f.]

1983-02-22

2.376, 1955 aus Burma geflohene Mon (မောန်), die Thailand als illegale Immigranten zurückschaffen will, beantragen von der UNO Flüchtlingsstatus. Burma will die Mons nicht aufnehmen, da es Rebellen seien. Die Mon leben in Sangkhla Buri (สังขละบุรี), Provinz Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี).


Abb.: Lage von Sangkhla Buri (สังขละบุรี)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-02-23

12 Tour-Unternehmen tun sich zusammen, um den Tourismus im Tarutao National Marine Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติทางทะเลตะรุเตา) und umliegenden Inseln der Provinz Satun (สตูล) zu fördern. Es sollen von Bangkok aus Gruppenreisen angeboten werden.


Abb.: Lage des Tarutao National Marine Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติทางทะเลตะรุเตา)
[Bildquelle: Manfred Werner / Wikipedia. -- GNU FDLicense]


Abb.: Tarutao National Marine Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติทางทะเลตะรุเตา)
[Bildquelle: ©Google earth. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

"Der Tarutao-Nationalpark (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติตะรุเตา) ist ein Meeres-Nationalpark in der Andamanensee im äußersten Südwesten Thailands, Provinz (Changwat) Satun (สตูล), Amphoe La-Ngu (ละงู). Der Park war der erste Meeres-Nationalpark von Thailand, er wurde am 19. April 1974 zum Nationalpark erklärt. Im Jahre 1982 wurde er in die Liste der „ASEAN Heritage Parks and Reserve“ aufgenommen.

Geschichte

Tarutao ist ein malaiisches Wort, es bedeutet „alt“ und „geheimnisvoll“. Der Legende nach waren diese Inseln lange von der Welt verschwunden. Eine wunderschöne Prinzessin von Langkawi hatte einen Fluch ausgesprochen, da sie fälschlicherweise wegen Ehebruchs hingerichtet wurde. Möglicherweise war der Fluch wirklich echt, wurden doch jahrhundertelang vorbei fahrende Schiffe von Piraten ausgeraubt. Erst 1964 konnte die British Royal Navy dem ein Ende setzen.

Die Geschichte von Tarutao im 20. Jahrhundert ist eng mit der Geschichte der Demokratie in Thailand verbunden. Im Jahre 1939 suchte die Gefängnisbehörde eine isolierte und unfreundliche Umgebung, um Staatsfeinde einzusperren. So wurde auf Ko Tarutao eine Strafkolonie eingerichtet. Zwei wichtige Gruppen von Aufständischen wurden hier inhaftiert: die „Bowondet Coup (กบฎบวรเดช) Group“ (erfolgloser Gegenputsch geleitet von Prinz Boworadej (พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เ้ธอ พระองค์เจ้าบวรเดช) am 11. Oktober 1933, niedergeschlagen von Feldmarschall Phibul Songkhram - จอมพล พิบูลสงคราม) und die „Petty Officers' Coup Group“.

Das erste Gefängnis wurde an der Talo Udang Bucht (อ่าวตะโละอุดัง) erbaut, aber da monatlich hunderte neuer Gefangener eintrafen, wurde bald an der Talo Wao (อ่าวตะโละวาว) Bucht ein weiteres errichtet. Die Gefangenen mussten eine Straße zwischen den beiden Buchten bauen, die 12 km lang und 6 m breit war. Etwa 30 Prozent der Sträflinge überlebte die Strapazen nicht. Malaria war die Haupt-Todesursache, andere Faktoren waren Hunger und die Grausamkeit der Wärter. An Flucht war nicht zu denken, Krokodile und Haifische waren überall dort, wo die Wachen nicht hinsahen.

Die politischen Häftlinge genossen eine relative Freiheit in der Atmosphäre eines „offenen Gefängnisses“, sie wurden wegen ihres sozialen Status respektiert und konnten ihre Zeit mit landwirtschaftlichen Experimenten, Übersetzungen und Verfassen von Wörterbüchern verbringen. Nach ihrer Rückkehr in die reale Welt konnten viele lukrative Regierungsposten bekleiden.

Während des 2. Weltkriegs wurden die Lager vernachlässigt. Vom Festland kam kein Nahrungsmittel-Nachschub mehr an, so dass viele verhungern mussten. Bald wurden Wachen und auch Gefangene zu gefürchteten Piraten in der Straße von Malakka, die Jagd machten auf reich beladene Schiffe.

Nach dem Ende des 2. Weltkriegs wurden britische Marine-Truppen nach Tarutao gesendet, um die Gegend von Piratengruppen zu säubern. Nachdem die Gefängnis-Behörde im Jahre 1946 die beiden Gefängnisse geschlossen hatte, kamen viele Siedler aus den umliegenden Provinzen. Fischer ließen sich an den Buchten Tarutaos nieder, Bauern bestellten das Land in den Tälern mit Reis, sie errichteten Obst-, Gummi- und Kokospalmen-Plantagen.

Im Jahre 1972 beschloss die Regierung, aus der Inselgruppe einen Nationalpark zu machen, und schickte Landvermesser her. Im Jahre 1974 wurde der Park offiziell eingeweiht.

Es gibt heute zwei Zuchthaus-Gedenkstätten, das Ao Talo Udang Gefängnis liegt in der südlichsten Bucht auf Tarutao, das Ao Talowao Gefängnis für Kleinkriminelle und politische Gefangene liegt im Südosten der Insel. Eine historische 12 km lang Straße wurde von Gefangenen gebaut, sie verbindet beide Gefängnisse.

Habitat

Der Park liegt an der Einfahrt zur Straße von Malakka, er hat eine Fläche von 1,490 km², besteht aus 51 Inseln und gehört zur Provinz Satun. Die Inseln des Nationalparks liegen am Rande des Sundagrabens. Sie waren bis vor etwa 8500 Jahren noch Hügel des Festlandes, jedoch ein höherer Wasserspiegel, durch schmelzendes Eis an den Polen hervorgerufen, schnitten sie vom Kontinent ab.

Die Gewässer des Tarutao-Nationalparks beherbergen eigentlich eine Mannigfaltigkeit von farbenfrohen Korallen und anderen Riff-Bewohnern. Jedoch ein übermäßiges Auftreten von Dornenkronenseesternen (Acanthaster planci), Sturmschäden – besonders an den Südküsten im südlichen Teil des Parks – als auch verbotene Dynamitfischerei haben viele lokale Riffe stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen.

Die marine Fauna besteht aus vier verschiedenen Arten von Meeresschildkröten, der Oliv-Bastardschildkröte (Lepidochelys olivacea), der Karettschildkröte (Eretmochelys imbricata), der Suppenschildkröte (Chelonia mydas) und der Lederschildkröte (Dermochelys coriacea), Delphinen, Hummern, selten auch Walen und Dugongs.

Auf dem Land leben Malaienbären, Makaken, Languren und Warane. Es gibt mehr als 100 Vogelarten, wie Seeadler, Fischadler, Nashornvögel, Reiher, Tauben und Stelzenarten.

Klima

Die beste Zeit für einen Besuch des Nationalparks ist von November bis April. Während der sechs Monate, in denen der Südwest-Monsun vorherrscht, kann die See sehr rau werden, der Park hat dann mit einer Regenmenge von mehr als 300 mm je Monat zu rechnen. Die durchschnittliche Regenmenge im Jahr beträgt etwa 2663 mm. Während des Nordost-Monsuns, besonders von Dezember bis März, ist es gewöhnlich sehr trocken. Die jährliche Durchschnittstemperatur beträgt 27°-28 °C, wobei November und Dezember die kühlsten, der April der wärmste Monat ist.

Die Hauptinseln
  • Ko Tarutao (เกาะตะรุเตา) ist die größte Insel des Nationalparks und der Namensgeber. Sie ist mehr als 26 km lang, 11 km breit, und so 152 km² groß. Sie liegt 26 km vom Festland und nur 5 km von der malaiischen Nachbarinsel Langkawi entfernt. Die Topographie von Tarutao ist von Bergketten beherrscht, die sich in Nord-Süd-Richtung über die Insel ziehen und am höchsten Punkt 708 m erreichen. Etwa 60 Prozent der Insel ist mit Wald bedeckt. Die Südspitze und die Ostküste wird von schroffen Kalkstein-Felsformationen beherrscht, von denen manche auch als winzige Inselchen oder als schlanke Felsnadeln vor der Küste liegen und von einer erstaunlichen Vielfalt an Strauchwerk bewachsen sind. Die Westküste hat lange Sandstrände, die sich mit Mangroven-Sümpfen und dicht bewaldeten Hügeln abwechseln. In den teilweise sehr dichten Mangrovenwäldern gibt es einzelne Bäume mit einem Stammdurchmesser von 1 m. Das „ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity“ (siehe: Weblinks) listet die folgenden Gebieten mit Mangroven-Wäldern:
    • Khlong Phante Malakaa: 195 ha; eine kleine offene Bucht mit Mangroven, teilweise in Verbindung mit Kalkstein-Dolinen.
    • Ao Talo Lingai: 128 ha; Mangroven (78 ha).
    • Ao Talo Wao: 198 ha; Mangroven (72 ha) und Wattenmeer (126 ha).
    • Ao Talo Dabu: 97 ha; Mangroven (38 ha) und Wattenmeer (59 ha).
    • Ao Talo Dang: ca. 810 ha; Mangroven (57 ha), mit vielen großen Sonneratia-Bäumen, angrenzende Gras-Ebene (55 ha) und Wattenmeer (ca. 700 ha) am südlichen Ufer der Insel.
  • Ko Adang (เกาะอาดัง) und Ko Rawi (เกาะราวี), die 45 km westlich von Ko Tarutao liegen, sind anders gestaltet. Hier erheben sich wilde Granit-Berge, auf Ko Adang bis zu einer Höhe von 703 m, auf Ko Rawi bis zu 463 m. In dieser Inselgruppe kommt Kalkstein gar nicht vor, während es auf Tarutao kein Granit gibt. Die dramatische Berglandschaft auf Ko Adang, fast ausschließlich von Wald bedeckt, ist bei Besuchern des Parks sehr beliebt, da sich von den höchsten Punkten ein wunderbarer Blick auf Ko Li Pe und die Andamanensee bietet. In der Regenzeit gibt es hier an den Osthängen beeindruckende Wasserfälle.
  • Ko Lipe (เกาะหลีเป๊ะ) - hier befindet sich eine Siedlung der Urak Lawoi, eine ethnische Minderheit Thailands, die auch als Seezigeuner bezeichnet und oftmals mit den Moken verwechselt wird. Dieser ehemals halbnomadische Volksstamm unterscheidet sich in Sprache und Kultur von den Moken und von den ethnischen Thais. Ihre Herkunft ist wissenschaftlich nicht geklärt.
  • Ko Butang (เกาะบุตัง - auch Ko Batong oder Ko Dong, เกาะดง), gehört wie Ko Li Pe zur „Adang-Rawi-Gruppe“.
Kleinere Inseln
  • Ko Ta Nga (auch Ko Tanga, เกาะตางาห์)
  • Ko Bitsi (auch Ko Lek, เกาะบีดซี)
  • Ko Hin Ngam (Insel wunderschöner Steine, เกาะหินงาม) hat wie der Name sagt, abgerundete natürliche Felsen.
  • Ko Yang (เกาะยาง)
  • Ko Khai (เกาะไข), bekannt für sein natürliches Felsen-Tor (ประตูหิน). Seeschildkröten legen hier ihre Eier ab.
  • Ko Tarang (เกาะตารัง)
  • Ko Klang (เกาะกลาง)
  • Ko Chabang (auch Ko Jabang, เกาะจาบัง)
  • Ko Rang Nok (Vogelnest-Insel, เกาะรังนก), ehemals Ernte-Gebiet von Schwalbennestern, heute ist das Sammeln der Nester von der Parkverwaltung verboten
  • Ko Sarai (หมู่เกาะสาหร่าย)
Quellen
  • Denis Gray (u.a.): National Parks of Thailand. Communications Resources Ltd., Bangkok 1991, ISBN 974-88670-9-9

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarutao-Nationalpark. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-02-26

Mrs. Sujarinee Vivacharawongse (née Yuvadhida Polpraserth, 1962 - ) (พระองค์ที่ประสูติแต่ สุจาริณี วิวัชรวงศ์) gebiert dem Kronprinzen Vajiralongkorn einen Sohn: Prinz Chakriwat Mahidol (หม่อมเจ้าจักรีวัชร มหิดล)

1983-02-27

Seine Majestät, der König hinterlässt gnädigst zwei Fußabdrücke.

Bildunterschrift im National Museum in Chiang Mai (พิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งชาติเชียงใหม่):

"On February 27, 1983, Their Majesties, together with Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn [สมเด็จพระเทพรัตนราชสุดา เจ้าฟ้ามหาจักรีสิรินธร รัฐสีมาคุณากรปิยชาติ สยามบรมราชกุมารี, 1955 - ] and Princess Soamsawali [พระเจ้าวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าโสมสวลี พระวรราชาทินัดดามาตุ, 1957 - ] paid a visit to the base of the [Thai military] battalion on Doi Yao [ดอยยาว], Thoeng District [เทิง], Chiangrai Province [เชียงราย]. There, upon request, His Majesty graciously agreed to the battalion commander to make two sets of the imprint of his feet. One set is retained by the commander and the other is installed in the Footprint Pavilion in the headquarters of the battalion which is located in Fort Mangrai Maharaj [ค่ายเม็งรายมหาราช]. "

[Zitiert in: Hjorleifur Jonsson: Mien relations : mountain people and state control in Thailand. -- Ithaca : Cornell, 2005. -- 198 S. : Ill ; 24 cm. -- ISBN 0801472849. -- S. 69]


Abb.: Lage von
Doi Yao [ดอยยาว]
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-03

Report der Commonwealth of Australia/State of New South Wales Joint Task Force on Drug Trafficking enthält eine Kapitel "Nugan Hand in Thailand" (als DELETED markiert, bisher nicht veröffentlicht)

"Nugan Hand Bank was an Australian merchant bank that collapsed in 1980 after the suicide of one of its founders, Australian lawyer Francis John Nugan (1942 - 1980), resulting in a major scandal.[1] News stories suggested that the bank had been involved in illegal activities, including drug smuggling, arranging weapons deals, and providing a front for the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Speculation grew when it became known that the bank had employed a number of retired United States military and intelligence officers, including former CIA director William Colby (1920 - 1996).

Investors' losses and the speculation surrounding the bank's activities led to three major government investigations over the next five years. The bank's co-founder, American Michael Jon Hand (1941 - ), and two other bank employees were indicted for conspiring to "pervert the course of justice" by destroying or removing bank records. Hand fled abroad in June 1980. In 1985, a Royal Commission of Inquiry found that while the bank had committed numerous violations of banking laws, the allegations of drug-smuggling, arms dealing and involvement in CIA activities were not substantiated.[2][3] However, former bank employees including Brigadier General Erle Cocke (1921 - 2000),[4] and Douglas Sapper have confirmed that Nugan Hand Bank was a conduit for CIA money."

[Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nugan_Hand_Bank. -- Zugriff am 2016-09-03]

1983-03-18

Der König löst das Parlament auf. Ministerpräsident Prem schreibt Wahlen für den 18. April aus. Dies ist zwei Monate vor dem ursprünglichen Datum. Grund für die Parlamentsauflösung ist, dass das Parlament den Verfassungsvorschlag des Militärs abgelehnt hatte.

1983-03-20

Kronprinz Vajiralongkorn (สมเด็จพระบรมโอรสาธิราช เจ้าฟ้ามหาวชิราลงกรณ สยามมกุฎราชกุมาร, 1952 - ), der ein Jahr lang zur Ausbildung an der Williams Air Force Base in Mesa (Arizona, USA) ist, Präsidiert in Washinton DC die Feiern zum 150. Jahrestag (1833-03-20) der Ratifizierung des Treaty of Amity and Commerce zwischen Siam und den USA (Roberts-Vertrag)

1983-03-24

In Bangkok wird der erste Geldautomat in Betrieb genommen.


Abb.: Geldautomaten verderben den Mönchsorden, 2010
[Bildquelle: Mills Baker. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/millsbaker/5078841896/. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung)]

1983-03-24

Kulturabkommen mit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

1983-04

Bei einem Besuch in Singapur warnt Mikail Kapitan (Михаил Капитан), stellvertretender Außenminister der Sowjetunion, die ASEAN-Staaten, dass die ganze Infrastruktur der ASEAN-Staaten ausgehölt würde, wenn sie nicht ihre Konfrontation zu Vietnam, Laos und Kambodscha beendigen.

1983-04-07

David Watts in der britischen Zeitung The Times über die Königin:

"The Queen, her entourage of generals and a few civilian advisers are effectively governing Thailand today through regular dinners at which the King does not participate."

1983-04-07

Ministerpräsident Prem bittet die USA um Redey Boden-Luft-Raketen und moderne 155 mm weitreichende Haubitzen zur Verteidigung gegen Vietnam. Die USA liefern zwei Tage später.


Abb.:  Redey Boden-Luft-Rakete
[Bildquelle: US Army / Wikimedia. -- Public domain]


Abb.: M 198 155mm Haubitze, 2004
[Bildquelle. USMC / Wikimedia. -- Public domain]

1983-04-18

Wahlen.


Abb.: Sitzverteilung im Parlament nach den Wahlen 1983

"General elections were held in Thailand on 18 April 1983. The result was a victory for the Social Action Party, which won 92 of the 324 seats. Voter turnout was 50.8%.[1]

Results

Party Votes % Seats +/-
Social Action Party (พรรคกิจสังคม) 7,103,177 26.8 92 +10
Thai Nation Party (พรรคชาติไทย) 6,315,568 23.8 73 +35
Democrat Party (พรรคประชาธิปัตย์) 4,144,414 15.6 56 +23
Thai Citizen Party 2,395,795 9.0 36 +4
National Democrat Party 2,137,780 8.1 15 New
Siam Democrat Party 839,915 3.2 18 New
Free People Party 474,402 1.8 1 New
Progress Party 338,140 1.3 3 New
Social Democratic Party 297,332 1.1 2 +2
New Force Party 195,340 0.7 0 -8
Thai People Party 180,364 0.7 0 New
Thai People Party 81,845 0.3 4 New
United Nation Party 14,866 0.1 0 New
Labour Democrat Party 1,493 0.0 0 New
Other parties 81,845 0.3 0 -
Independents 2,000,290 7.5 24 -39
Invalid/blank votes 498,127 - - -
Total 12,295,339 100 324 +23
Source: Nohlen et al

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_general_election,_1983. -- Zugriff am 2011-11-04]

1983-04-21

Ab jetzt besteht ab dem Alter von 15 Jahren die Pflicht, eine Identitätskarte mit sich zu tragen. Bisher war das Alter 18 Jahre. Wenn man ohne ID-Karte erwischt wird, kostet das 200 Baht Strafe.

1983-04-29

Eröffnung des Phu Hin Rong Kla Nationalparks (อุทยานแห่งชาติภูหินร่องกล้า). Es ist Thailands 48. Nationalpark. 1967 - 1982 befand sich hier das Hauptquartier der Communist Party of Thailand (CPT, พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งประเทศไทย) sowie seit 1969 der People's Liberation Army of Thailand (PLAT). Hier waren bis zu 4000 Guerillas versteckt.


Abb.: Lage des Phu Hin Rong Kla Nationalparks (อุทยานแห่งชาติภูหินร่องกล้า)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Abb.: Phu Hin Rong Kla Nationalpark (อุทยานแห่งชาติภูหินร่องกล้า)
[Bildquelle: ©Google earth. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

"Der Nationalpark Phu Hin Rongkla (Thai อุทยานแห่งชาติภูหินร่องกล้า) ist ein Nationalpark in den Provinzen Phitsanulok (พิษณุโลก) und Loei (เลย) und Phetchabun (เพชรบูรณ์) in Nord-Thailand.

Lage

Der Nationalpark Phu Hin Rongkla bedeckt ein Gebiet von etwa 307 Quadratkilometern in den Landkreisen (Amphoe) Nakhon Thai (นครไทย) (Provinz Phitsanulok), Dan Sai (ด่านซ้าย) (Provinz Loei). Der südliche Teil des Nationalparks geht in die Provinz Phetchabun über. Hier entspringen die kleineren Flüsse Mueat Don und Luang Yai.

Topographie

Die Landschaft des Nationalparks ist von steilen Bergen und Felsen geprägt. Größere Gipfel bilden der Phu Phangma, Phu Lomlo (Höhe: 1664 Meter), Phu Hin Rongkla (ภูหินร่องกล้า) und Phu Man Khao, der mit einer Höhe von 1820 Metern die höchste Erhebung des Parks ist.

Fauna und Flora

Die Berge sind mit Immergrünem Wald bedeckt. Vorherrschend sind trockene Dipterocarpus-Wälder.

Im Park finden sich viele Tierarten. Neben dem seltenen Tiger und Leopard sind hier der Asiatische Schwarzbär, sowie verschiedene Vogelarten beheimatet.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

Lan Hin Taek (ลานหินแตก, Feld der zerbrochenen Felsen) liegt etwa 300 Meter westlich des ehemaligen Hauptquartiers der thailändischen Armee und bildet eine sehr schöne natürliche Felsformation mit zahlreichen Orchideen, Farnen, Moosen, Flechten und jahreszeitlich wechselnden Blumenarten.

Der Man Daeng-Wasserfall (น้ำตกหมันแดง) liegt etwa 22 Kilometer vom Hauptquartier der Parkverwaltung in Richtung Lom Sak entfernt. Er hat insgesamt 32 Stufen und erhält sein Wasser von der Höhe des Phu Man Khao.

Drei Kilometer von der Parkverwaltung entfernt liegen die ehemaligen Unterkünfte des Hauptquartiers der kommunistischen Streitkräfte. Nicht weit entfernt befindet sich am Flüsschen eine Wassermühle.

Klima

Das Klima ist aufgrund der Berglage relativ gemäßigt und nicht so heiß wie im Flachland. Die Temperaturen steigen nicht viel über 25°C und können gelegentlich sogar unter den Gefrierpunkt fallen.

Geschichte

Zwischen 1968 und 1972 war die Gegend des Nationalparks Schauplatz von Kämpfen zwischen kommunistischen Aufständischen, die hier einen Stützpunkt errichtet hatten, und thailändischen Soldaten. Aufgrund des schwierigen Geländes konnte man anfangs keine Erfolge gegen die Kommunisten erzielen und musste die Taktik ändern. Militärpolizei und "zivile" Kräfte unterstützten die Soldaten und konnten die Hmong überzeugen, ihre Verbindungen zu den Aufständischen zu lösen und für die thailändischen Stellen zu arbeiten. Die Kommunisten konnten anschließend ohne Blutvergießen zur Aufgabe gebracht werden."

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalpark_Phu_Hin_Rong_Kla. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-04-30 - 1986-08-05

43. Kabinett: Prem (เปรม) II

1983-05

Tod von Gerry Waller (1927 - 1983)

"A personal friend of General Saiyud's [Saiyud Kerdphol - สายหยุด เกิดผล, 1922 -] for many years, Gerry Waller served in the Indian Army in the pre-World War Two period and subsequently joined the Malayan Police Force where he gained considerable experience in countering communist insurgency during the Emergency of 1948-1960. He first came to Thailand in 1966 as a consultant for the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) programme based in Bangkok. In 1970 he met Gen Saiyud then Director of ISOC Operations [Internal Security Operations Command - กองอำนวยการรักษาความมั่นคง ภายในราชอาณาจักร]  — while working on the border security project. He was to make Thailand his home and remained in the kingdom until shortly before his death from cancer at the age of 56, in May 1983."

[Quelle: Saiyud Kerdphol [สายหยุด เกิดผล] <1922 -  >: The struggle for Thailand : counter-insurgency, 1965-1985. --  Bangkok : S. Research Center Co., 1986. -- 253 S. : Ill. ; 20 cm. -- S. 19, Anm. -- Fair use]

1983-05-02

Im Exil in Paris (Frankreich) stirbt Pridi Banomyong (ปรีดี พนมยงค์, geb. 1900).


Abb.: Lage von Paris
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Abb.: ปรีดี พนมยงค์ - Dr. Pridi Banomyong
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Public domain]

"Pridi Phanomyong (Thai: ปรีดี พนมยงค์, auch: Luang Pradisot-Manutham - หลวงประดิษฐมนูธรรม; * 11. Mai 1900 in Ayutthaya; † 2. Mai 1983 in Paris) war zwischen März und August 1946 Premierminister von Thailand.

Pridi wurde als Sohn von Siang und Lukchan Banomyong geboren und heiratete später Than Phuying Poonsok Banomyong.

Er erhielt seine Ausbildung zunächst in der Provinz Ayutthaya und dann an der Rechtsschule des Ministeriums des Innern, wo er seine Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt im Alter von 19 Jahren erhielt.

Im Jahr 1920 erhielt Pridi ein Stipendium für einen Studienaufenthalt in Frankreich, wo er an der Universität Caen und an der Sorbonne in Paris studierte und schließlich promovierte und einen Abschluss in Betriebswirtschaft machte. Hier wurde er auch zum Präsidenten der Thailändischen Studentenorganisation in Frankreich gewählt und lernte dabei den in Berlin geborenen Prayoon Phamonmontri kennen. Zusammen trieben sie die Gründung der Volkspartei Siams voran.

Nach seinen Abschlüssen kehrte Pridi nach Thailand zurück und arbeitete im Justizministerium, wo er schnell aufstieg. Auch engagierte man ihn als Dozent an der Rechtsschule des Justizministeriums. Schließlich erhielt er mit 29 Jahren den Rang eines Luang Praditmanudhamma.

Während dieser Zeit war Pridi wesentlich an der Vorbereitung eines Staatsstreiches zur Abschaffung der absoluten Monarchie in Thailand beteiligt, der zu einer konstitutionellen Monarchie führen sollte. Am 24. Juni 1932 fand dieser Umsturz statt, der kurz darauf mit der Annahme der von Pridi ausgearbeiteten Provisorischen Verfassung durch König Prajadhipok (Rama VII.) sein Ende fand. Im folgenden Jahr wurde Pridi jedoch aufgrund seiner wirtschaftspolitischen Vorstellungen (insbesondere Verstaatlichungen) als Kommunist verdächtigt und musste das Land verlassen. Während der Regierungszeit von Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena wurde er vor Gericht gestellt und freigesprochen. Anschließend wurde Pridi zum Innenminister ernannt, später zum Außen- und schließlich zum Finanzminister.

Pridi war 1934 auch einer der Gründer der Thammasat-Universität in Bangkok und auch deren erster Rektor.

Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs fungierte Pridi als Regent für den minderjährigen König Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII.) Er bildete in dieser Zeit auch die gegen die japanische Besatzung gerichtete Bewegung für ein freies Thailand innerhalb des Landes, in Zusammenarbeit mit Seni Pramoj, der die Bewegung vom Ausland aus lenkte.

Pridi Banomyong übernahm das Amt als 7. Premierminister am 24. März 1946. Während seiner Regierungszeit starb König Ananda Mahidol am 9. Juni 1946 durch ungeklärte Umstände (Unglück oder durch Ermordung), so dass Pridi am 11. Juni formal zurücktreten musste, jedoch anschließend wieder eingesetzt wurde und bis zum 21. August das Amt innehatte.

Nachdem später am 8. November 1947 ein weiterer Staatsstreich erfolgte, der die Regierung von Konteradmiral Thawal Thamrongnavaswadhi stürzte, ging Pridi erneut ins Exil, zunächst nach Singapur. Nach einer Rückkehr und einem missglückten Putschversuch gegen Pibul im Jahre 1949 ging dann abermals ins Exil, zunächst nach China. Schließlich ließ er sich in Frankreich dauerhaft nieder.

Pridi Banomyong starb am 2. Mai 1983 in Paris an einem Herzanfall."

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridi_Banomyong. -- Zugriff am 2011-10-06]

"Legacy

Pridi remains a controversial figure in Thai modern history. As one of the leaders 1932 Pro-Democracy Coup, he has been viewed in many ways. The first declaration of the "revolution", which harshly attacked the king and his government, was written by Pridi himself. Nevertheless, Pridi held the position of regent when Rama VIII ascended to the throne.

During the period of military rule, Pridi was portrayed as a communist, a demon designed to frighten off others who might have liberal ideas. King Rama VIII's tragic death came to be blamed on Pridi. Rightwing factions accused Pridi of being the leader of a plot to assassinate the popular young monarch. This culminated in the military coup in 1957.

In his later years Seni Pramoj (หม่อมราชวงศ์ เสนีย์ ปราโมช), also promoted the idea that he had saved Thailand from a post-war British colonial rule that Pridi had been willing to accept.[12] Nigel Brailey treats the Free Thai movement as largely a sham and casts doubt on Pridi’s part, arguing “it appears questionable whether Pridi committed himself personally to the Allied cause much prior to August 1942, if even then,” suggesting that “his eventual anti-Japanese stance was a consequence primarily of his hostility to Phibun (แปลก พิบูลสงคราม).” [13]

There is no doubt that Pridi wanted to remove Phibun from power, and the war offered an opportunity to do so. However, there is no question that Pridi recognised well before the war that Thailand’s alignment with the Axis powers would work to Phibun’s advantage and enable him to strengthen his dictatorship. Even the Japanese recognised Pridi’s hostility, which is why he was forced out of the cabinet in December 1941. It was the reason every knowledgeable person on the Allied side, from Seni Pramoj and Prince Suphasawat (หม่อมเจ้าศุภสวัสดิ์วงศ์สนิท), a chief organiser of the movement in Great Britain, to former British ambassador Josiah Crosby, anticipated that Pridi would emerge as the head of a domestic resistance movement.

One time conservative monarchist Sulak Sivaraksa (สุลักษณ์ ศิวรักษ์) has emerged as Pridi’s most ardent champion. A prolific critic of the Thai status quo, Sulak, in addition to praising the achievements of the Free Thai in saving Thailand’s sovereignty, has criticised Seni and his Democrat Party for alleged complicity in the military’s return to power in 1947.

Sulak led efforts to rehabilitate Pridi which achieved significant results. Four Bangkok streets now are named for him: three named Pridi Banomyong Road and one called Praditmanutham Road (after his royal title). His birthday, May 11, is now celebrated as Pridi Banomyong Day. In 1997 the Thai government dedicated a park in eastern Bangkok to the Free Thai resistance movement. On August 16, 2003, a library/museum, built as a replica of Pridi’s wartime residence, opened at the park.

On 30 October 1999 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) included Pridi Phanomyong's name in the calendar of Anniversaries of Great Personalities and Historic Events Calendar as tribute to not so much his achievements, but to his ideals and integrity.

There are two Pridi Banomyong Memorials, one in Pridi's hometown, and the other on the campus of Thammasat University (มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์), which he had founded. Thammasat is home to the Pridi Banomyong Library and the Pridi Banomyong International College. The law faculty at Dhurakij Pundit University is called the Pridi Banomyong Faculty of Law. The Pridi (Chloropsis aurifrons pridii), a species of leafbird, and Pridi Banomyong Institute, a non-profit academic organization, are also named in his honor. The Pridi Banomyong Institute holds an annual Pridi Banomyong Lecture, initially on Pridi Banomyong Day, but moved in recent years to June 24, in honor of his role in the 1932 coup."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridi_Banomyong. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-05-08

Beginn der Filmaufnahmen zu "Killing fields" in Thailand.

"The Killing Fields is a 1984 British drama film about the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia, which is based on the experiences of two journalists: Cambodian Dith Pran (ឌិត ប្រន) and American Sydney Schanberg. The film, which won three Academy Awards, was directed by Roland Joffé and stars Sam Waterston as Schanberg, Haing S. Ngor (吳漢潤) as Pran, Julian Sands as Jon Swain, and John Malkovich as Al Rockoff. The adaptation for the screen was written by Bruce Robinson and the soundtrack by Mike Oldfield, orchestrated by David Bedford."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Killing_Fields_%28film%29. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-05-16

Tod von Luang Pu Khao Analyo (หลวงปู่ขาว อนาลโย, geb. 1888), Abt von Wat Tham Klong Phen (วัดถ้ำกลองเพล), Amphoe Nong Bua Lam Phu (หนองบัวลำภู), Provinz Udon Thani - อุดรธานี (heute: Provinz Non Bua Lamphu - หนองบัวลำภู). An seiner Kremation am 1983-08-03 nimmt die Königsfamilie teil.


Abb.: Das Königspaar bei Luang Pu Khao Analyo (หลวงปู่ขาว อนาลโย)


Abb.: Luang Pu Khao Analyo (หลวงปู่ขาว อนาลโย)


Abb.: Lage von Amphoe Nong Bua Lam Phu (หนองบัวลำภู)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-05-16

Gründung der BANPU Public Company Ltd. - บริษัท บ้านปู จำกัด (มหาชน)


Abb.: ®Logo
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"Banpu Public Company Limited (SET: BANPU) is a mining and power company in Thailand. It has coal mining operations in Thailand, Indonesia and China, and coal-fired Power generation operations in Thailand and China. Banpu plans also to invest in the Hong Sa lignite mine and power plant project in Laos.[3]

In Thailand, Banpu operates coal mines in mines in Lampang (ลำปาง) and Phayao (พะเยา) provinces, and has stakes in BLCP, a 1,434 MW coal-fired power plant at Map Ta Phut (มาบตาพุด), and in RATCH, a 3,645 MW power plant in Ratchaburi Province (ราชบุรี). It has also has five coal mines in Indonesia and two in China.[4] Banpu agreed to buy Centennial Coal Co Ltd for USD 2 billion on Jul 05, 2010.[5]

The Hongsa Lignite project was founded by and belonged to Thai-Lao Lignite Co., Ltd. and Hongsa Lignite (Lao PDR) Co., Ltd. pursuant to a concession from 1992-1994. In 2005, Banpu entered into a joint venture with TLL and HLL to develop the project but this agreement was terminated in 2006. A UNCITRAL arbitration found that the Lao government illegally terminated TLL's and HLL's concession (awarding it to Banpu) and ordered Laos to pay $57 million in damages plus interest. Laos is refusing to pay the award despite its clear agreement with TLL and HLL, its government policy for international arbitration, and despite participating fully."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banpu. -- Zugriff am 2012-04-07]

1983-05-19

Ausweisung des sowjetischen Spions Victor I. Barycheva (?). In Thailand gibt es 52 sowjetische Spione. Für sie arbeiten ca. 140 Thais, die das Militär zu infiltrieren versuchen. Nachdem die Namen der sowjetischen Spione veröffentlicht worden waren, verlassen im September 33 Spione, die offiziell bei der sowjetischen Botschaft, der sowjetischen Handelsmission oder der Fluggesellschaft Aeroflot (Аэрофло́т) tätig waren, klammheimlich Thailand

1983-05-29

Test des ersten von Thais entworfenen und gebauten Elektroautos in Bangkok. Erfinder sind die Ingenieure Dr. Birasak Varasundharasoth und Suwong Sompong (สุวงษ์ โสมพงษ์) des King Mongkut Institute of Technology (สถาบันเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าเจ้าคุณทหารลาดกระบัง).

1983-06

Der japanische Filmemacher Nobuyuki Takahashi (高橋 信之, 1957 - ) prägt den Begriff Cosplay (コスプレ). "Beim Cosplay stellt der Teilnehmer einen Charakter – aus Manga (漫画), Anime (アニメ), Computerspiel oder Film – durch Kostüm und Verhalten möglichst originalgetreu dar."


Abb.: Cosplay (コスプレ, คอสเพลย์), Bangkok, 2010
[Bildquelle: Gavin Golden. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/16229575@N08/5174810778. -- Zugriff am 2014-02-23. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, keine Bearbeitung)]

1983-07-08

Zeitschrift สยามใหม่ [Siam Mai]:

"EX-CPT ACTIVISTS' LINKS WITH OFFICIALDOM REPORTED

Bangkok SIAM MAI [สยามใหม่] in Thai 8 Jul 83 pp 12-15

[Article: "Inside 'Phin Bua-on,' [ผิน บัวอ่อน aka Amnat Yuthawiwat - อำนาจ ยุทธวิวัฒน์, 1930 - 1999] the Counter-Strategy to 'Prasoet-ism'"]

[Text] "The present strategy in Policy 66 must be changed, otherwise it must be abandoned completely...."

In broad political circles at present, "Prasoet Sapsunthon" [ประเสริฐ ทรัพย์สุทนร, 1913 - 1994] is a very well-known figure. He is well-known for being a "kun su" of the army, an advisor to the ISOC [Internal Security Operations Command] [กองอำนวยการรักษาความมั่นคง ภายในราชอาณาจักร]  and the savant who set forth the line on democracy and the democratic revolution that was transformed into Policy 66/1980, which is now becoming a national policy.

But in narrow political circles, the name "Phin Bun-on" is known by various activist groups, labor activists and some groups of military officers and, in particular, by the Special Branch Division. These days, during political conversations at the coffee shops, restaurants, hotels and flats, people talk about him as a clever tactician and intelligence seller and as a double agent.

But no matter what he does using some tactic and no matter what rumors he manages to spread, one of his main goals is to destroy his political enemy and the proponent of a political theory that still plays a major role in the army—"Prasoet Sapsunthon."

At a time when Prasoet Sapsunthon provides a base for maintaining ideological direction among military officers, Phin Bua-on is changing his tactics in order to replace Prasoet Sapsunthon. This is a battle to the end between two ideological savants in order to be able to play a role in serving government officials.

The Intelligence Sector and the Mass Base

His strength in the intelligence field has made him well known in the intelligence sector. It is said that there are at least five newspaper reporters under the control of Phin. This is in addition to people in business circles and people in circles who have contact with politicians.

Phin himself is quite close to certain businessmen and politicians such as Bunchu Rotchanasathien [บุญชู โรจนเสถียร, 1921 - 2007]. And it is well known that several of Bunchu's political disciples in the "black building" take their orders from Phin.

In building the mass base of Phin, what is clear is that, in labor circles, there are labor leaders who have been able to follow Phin's strategy and tactics. Such labor leaders include Piyachet Khlaeokhlat [ปิยเชษฐ์ แคล้วคลาด] and Nikhom Tengyai [นิคม เต็งใหญ่], or the Khurusapha [คุรุสภา] group as it is called. This group controls education in the subordinate labor organizations. Controlling education refers to their base in disseminating the line of Phin's group in a very consistent way.

Between 1980 and 1982, the Phin-faction Khurusapha group took control of the education section of the Labor council. The group headed by Phaisan [Thawatchainan - ไพศาล ธวัชชัยนันท์ , 1937 - 1988] is now adrift because its important power base was seized by the Sawat-Ahmat group [Ahmat Khamthetthong, Sawat Lukdot]. And it was during this period that rumors of conflicts between the Khurusapha group and the Sawat-Ahmat group arose. In the election to elect the 1982-1984 labor executive committee, in the end the Khurusapha group sided with the Phaisan group.

It is said that this swing to the side of Phaisan's group by the Piyachet group was part of the struggle between Phin and Prasoet. In the present period, the Piyachet group has moved its base and joined the Phaisan group as the education sector for labor relations. And that is not all. It is using the tactic of joining hands with all forces in order to form a center to counter the group of Prasoet Sapsunthon, which is popular. That is, Prasoet's line, which grew into Policy 66/1980, is gaining many supporters. The prestige of Prasoet's group is rising. Several of the labor leaders in this group have become senators and so this is the time when Phin's group has to destroy the position of Prasoet's group as quickly as it can.

This attempt to pull together all the power groups can be seen from their efforts to meet with Somchai Rakwichit [สมชัย รักวิจิ], who has the same enemies. Also, the political games that they are playing are very similar. For example, the power base of the Somchai group is with the laborers in the Om Noi [อ้อมน้อย] and Samut Prakan [สมุทรปราการ] areas or the Chom Phumpradap and Withan Koetkrung group.


Abb.: Lage von
Om Noi [อ้อมน้อย] und Samut Prakan [สมุทรปราการ]
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

From the standpoint of intelligence activities, Phin is the person with the greatest influence on government intelligence units. In addition to the Special Branch Division, military intelligence units have begun to use some of the services of Phin, too. For example, at the beginning of the year, Yotthong Thapthiumai [ยอดธง ทับทิวไม้], who is the right-hand man of Phin, visited the Indochina countries for several months. News sources in military intelligence units have admitted that this was proposed directly to military intelligence units.

As for the Special Branch Division, Phin used to have great influence during the period of Commander Ari Kirabut. And at present, he probably still has his old position since the Special Branch Division is still crawling with the agents of Commander Ari even though Ari himself was transferred and made deputy commissioner of the Central Investigation Bureau several years ago. At present, he still maintains contact with Police Colonel Siri Suchitkun, the deputy commander of the Special Branch Division. As for Police Precinct 6, Phin is still in frequent contact there.

From the Special Branch Division to the Army Operations Center

In February 1969, Phin Bua-on [ผิน บัวอ่อน aka Amnat Yuthawiwat - อำนาจ ยุทธวิวัฒน์, 1930 - 1999], wearing shorts and carrying his belongings, was arrested by officials near a train station in the Fang Thon area. At that time, he held a position in the Communist Party of Thailand. He was a member of the Central Committee and the No 7 person in the Political Bureau. He was responsible for the CPT's Central Zone. Concerning his arrest, the CPT's Voice of the People of Thailand radio charged that he had actually surrendered to government officials. That was the beginning of Phin's new role. He switched sides and began serving government officials.

He began his own businesses involving trucks and apartments. But what was important were his political activities. Besides serving as a ladder that could be used to reach his goal of playing a major political role, his political activities involved serving as an advisor to high-ranking police officers in the Special Branch Division. He was also in charge of the intelligence activities of this unit. It is believed that the secret government funds that this unit paid Phin for his ideas and information were a great source of profit for this former communist.

At the same time, his attempt to build a role for himself in organizing the masses was repudiated by all the democratic forces. The "14 October 1973 line" that he proposed to the students and people after 14 October 1973 using the pen name Amnat Yuthawiwat [อำนาจ ยุทธวิวัฒน์] was harshly criticized by the student leaders of that period.

Because of his failure to win the support of the masses, the path he chose was very similar to that of Prasoet Sapsunthon. That is, he has relied on government officials and used the money from various projects proposed to officials to support himself.

But the difference between the two is that Prasoet has attached himself to military officers and stressed a theoretical line. On the other hand, Phin has clung to the Special Branch Division and has stressed intelligence activities. He has also given attention to theoretical and ideological activities but they have lacked the characteristics of a major strategy as compared with those of Prasoet.

And what is important is that Prasoet's base in the military has enabled him to play an increasingly larger role. The growth in both the size and influence of the Democratic Soldiers group in the army, all of whom are disciplies of Prasoet, is proof of this.

One reason for this may be that Phin has been busy in the Special Branch Division. He has played a major role and had great influence. Because to this day, the intelligence activities of the Special Branch Division depend on Phin. But his position does not begin to compare with that of playing a role in military units such as the Army Operations Center. This has made Phin long to improve his position and play a role in the military.

But another important reason why Phin has to ingratiate himself in military circles quickly stems from the purge of Prasoet Sapsunthon.

From Nikon to Chawalit

The brains of the army is Lieutenant General Chawalit Yongchaiyut [ชวลิต ยงใจยุทธ, 1932 - ], who presently controls almost all the army's political activities. This is the person that Phin is trying to reach. One of his important achievements is the surrender of the communists in Zone 444. In the army, it is said that the left and right hands of Lieutenant General Chawalit are Colonel Prasit Nawawat  and Major Nikon Amamphai. What is strange is that one of the right-hand men of Lieutenant General Chawalit, that is, Colonel Prasit Nawawat, is close to Prasoet while the other, that is, Major Nikon, is closer to Phin Bua-on.

"Chawalit wants to link both. But both are leaning in opposite directions. That is, Prasit thinks like Professor Prasoet. But Nikon is a disciple of Phin,"

said a news source in the Army Operations Center to SIAM MAI recently.

At one political discussion between Phin and political activists, at which Major Nikon Amamphai was present, Phin analyzed the situation of the CPT [Communist Party of Thailand]. It seems likely that he did this more to impress Major Nikon. This new analysis of the situation by Phin led to proposals to change strategy 66/1980, which was based on the thinking of Prasoet.

"If we raise the level, it has to be destroyed,"

said Phin slowly but resolutely.

The Two Theorists Try to Purge Each Other

"Prasoet left the party a long time ago. His thinking is rather old-fashioned. We do not have any links with Prasoet at all and we do not agree with his proposals. Because actually, he never played a role in the CPT,"

said Phin clearly to SIAM MAI several years ago. It can be said that the fight between these two theorists, who are fighting for supremacy, first began when the two took refuge with government units and relied on government funds. And it has continued until today.

There have been several ISOC [Internal Security Operations Command - กองอำนวยการรักษาความมั่นคงภายใน] situational reports that have mentioned Phin's untrustworthy behavior. It is thought that Prasoet was behind these reports. Similarly, but from the opposite side, there have been unfavorable reports by the Special Branch Divsion [concerning Prasoet]. From the standpoint of a theroetical line, these two have constantly proposed different things. Concerning the stage that these two have clashed on and on which they have confronted each other, they have used such weekly magazines as TAWAN MAI [ตะวันใหม่]. At first, the Democratic Soldiers group and Prasoet were the ones who forced the issue in the hope that this would serve the ideology of Prasoet. But Phin's group tried to get in by going through people in the editor's office. The dispute was also waged in this magazine until it finally died down.

To summarize the main points of the dispute, they should soon join centers according to Policy 66/1980.

The fundamental principal of 66/1980 is to provide major freedoms in the cities in order to put an end to the CPT's armed struggle in the rural areas.

When large numbers of students and intellectuals began to surrender, Phin's group began to push the line "peaceful jungles, violent cities," or the "urban activities line of the CPT."

The thing that Phin summarized in order to present it—through Major Nikon—to the officers who control the political line of the military is that Strategy 66/1980 is a strategy for destroying the CPT's "rural areas surround the cities" strategy. But at the same time, the CPT has changed course and changed its strategy to a "two fronts, three strategic zones, strategy." This new strategy of the CPT is capable of achieving very good results. And the present strategy of 66/1980 provides good support.

The more freedoms there are in the cities, the easier it will be for the CPT to adjust to urban activities. This is the major thrust of Phin's argument.

In the middle of 1981, one group returned to the city from the jungle. With funds from the ISOC they began publishing the weekly journal WIKHRO [วิเคราะห์]. After they had published just a few issues, Phin's group tried to take control of the journal. Then the article "Three Strategic Zones, Five Fronts and Seven Parties" by Major Nikon Amamphai, who used the pen name "Sak Suwan" was published. This article was filled with the ideas of Phin.

All of this is a broad view of the movement by Phin to turn things away from the 66/1980 line of Prasoet to the new line of Phin. Concerning this, there have been internal reports that Phin presented his theory on the structure of society to high-ranking military officers at the end of last year in order to have them consider switching over to this new line.

The New Strategy and Urban Crisis

These days, this stout, well-dressed man with the bald head is still quietly but diligently carrying on activities. He stays at various second-class hotels but still manages to spend some time with his family. His children have now returned from China.

Phin frequently says of Prasoet that he knows only theory and doesn't know anything about tactics or intelligence and that he lacks a real sense of timing. At the same time, Prasoet thinks that Phin is just a rabble-rousing political activist.

For its part, the military is trying to figure out a way to use Prasoet on the theoretical front and Phin on the intelligence and tactical fronts in order to benefit as much as possible.

At present, the two theorists are trying to purge each other so that just one controls the national political line.

But what is even more interesting is that if it reaches the point of changing the [present] theory and then overturning the [present] strategy, will the line of Phin, who sees the urban activities of the CPT expanding, lead to new measures that are apprehensive about urban freedoms and will this lead to a crisis in the cities?"

[Übersetzung: Southeast Asia Report. -- No. 1330 (1983-08-25). -- handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA353136. -- Zugriff am 2015-11-20]

1983-07-18

Tod von Charun Rattanakun Seriroengrit (จรูญ รัตนกุล เสรีเริงฤทธิ์, 1885 - 1983), Ex-Schwiegervater von Prinzessin Galyani Vadhana (กัลยาณิวัฒนา, 1923 - 2008)


Abb.: Charun Rattanakun Seriroengrit (จรูญ รัตนกุล เสรีเริงฤทธิ์)
[Bildquelle: Wikimedia. -- Fair use]

"Charun Rattanakun Seriroengrit (thailändisch: จรูญ รัตนกุล เสรีเริงฤทธิ์, Aussprache: [t͡ɕàruːn ráttànákun sěːriːrɤːŋrít]; auch transkribiert als Charoon Ratanakul Seri Roengrit; * 1895; † 1983) war ein thailändischer Heeresoffizier, Staatsbeamter und Politiker. Er war General im Zweiten Weltkrieg und Minister in der Regierung von Plaek Phibunsongkhram [แปลก พิบูลสงคราม, 1894 - 1964].

Zu Zeiten der absoluten Monarchie bekam der Hauptmann Charun Rattanakun den feudalen Ehrennamen Luang Seriroengrit [หลวงเสรีเริงฤทธิ์]verliehen. Er schloss sich der „Volkspartei“ [คณะราษฎร] (khana ratsadon) an, die mittels eines Staatsstreichs 1932 [การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475] die absolute Monarchie beendete und durch eine konstitutionelle ersetzte.

Seriroengrit, der inzwischen Oberst war, nahm ab 1938 eine wichtige Position in der Regierung von Plaek Phibunsongkhram ein. Er wurde Leiter der staatlichen Eisenbahnen und Minister ohne Geschäftsbereich,[1] 1939 stellvertretender Minister im Wirtschaftsministerium, 1941 im Verteidigungsministerium. Im Oktober 1940 wurde er als Generalmajor Kommandeur der Burapha-Armee (Ostarmee), die im Rahmen des Französisch-Thailändischen Kriegs in der französischen Kolonie Kambodscha einmarschierte.

Nach dem Ende der Kämpfe im Osten wurde er zum Generalleutnant befördert und wechselte im Februar 1942 an die Spitze der Phayap-Armee (Nordostarmee). Diese beteiligte sich an der japanischen Eroberung Birmas und hielt im Anschluss einen Teil des Shan-Staates besetzt. Seriroengrit konzentrierte sich ab Mai 1942 auf seine politische Tätigkeit. Von März bis September 1942 war er Handelsminister, bis 1944 Verkehrsminister.

Nach dem Sturz des Feldmarschalls Phibunsongkhram 1944 wurde er als Kriegsverbrecher verhaftet.[2] Im März 1946 wurde er allerdings wieder freigelassen. Er wurde Vorstandsmitglied des nationalen Handelsunternehmens Thai Niyom Phanit und im Mai 1946 Mitglied des Senats, dem er bis 1951 angehörte.[3] 1947 nahm er an dem erfolgreichen Militärputsch gegen die zivile Regierung teil, der Phibunsongkhram erneut an die Macht brachte.[4]

Charuns Sohn Aram Seriroengrit [พันเอก อร่าม รัตนกุล เสรีเริงฤทธิ์] heiratete Prinzessin Galyani Vadhana [กัลยาณิวัฒนา, 1923 - 2008], die Schwester König Bhumibol Adulyadejs. Er war Bhumibols Begleiter bei dessen schwerem Autounfall in der Schweiz."

[Quelle: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charun_Rattanakun_Seriroengrit. -- Zugriff am 2015-09-24]

1983-08-01

Eine Strafgesetznovelle beschränkt - mit Ausnahme von "Lebenslänglich" - die Kumulation von Freiheitsstrafen auf die Summe von 20 Jahren. Bisher waren kumulierte Strafen mit z.B. 2.100 Jahren möglich.

1983-08-02

Der Künstler Fua Haripitak (เฟื้อ หริพิทักษ์, 1910 – 1993) erhält in Manila den Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service für seine Verdienste um den Erhalt traditioneller Thai-Künste.


Abb.: ®Ramon Magsaysay Award
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Fair use]


Abb.: Lage von Manila
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

 


Abb.: Fua Haripitak (เฟื้อ หริพิทักษ์)
[Bildquelle: th.Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"Fua Haripitak (Thai: เฟื้อ หริพิทักษ์) (22 April 1910 – October 1993) was a celebrated Thai artist.

Biography Early life

Fua was born in 22 April 1910 in Thonburi (ธนบุรี), the son of a court painter who had served under Phya Anusat Chitrakorn.

He studied art for four years at Bangkok's Poh Chang School of Arts and Crafts before quitting after he found the teaching method too academic.

 Key works and development

He later graduated from the School of Fine Arts (later known as Silpakorn University - มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร)), a student of Silpa Bhirasri (ศิลป์ พีระศรี). Among his finest surviving works from that period is an oil portrait titled "My Grand Mother".[1]

During 1940-1946, he received a scholarship from Thanomsakdi Kridakorn to study at Visva Bharati University in West Bengal, India. After returning to Thailand, he served at Silpakorn University. He won gold metals at the 1st and 2nd National Exhibitions of Art in 1949 and 1950 for "Petchaburi", a tempera on paper and "Portrait of Madame Rienpracha", an oil on canvas.

During 1954-1956, he was granted a scholarship by the Italian government to study at the L'accademia Di Belle Arti (The Academy of Fine Art) in Rome.

During this period, he experimented with a variety of painting techniques, including chalk, colored pencils, ink, and the palette knife. He also dabbled with abstract and cubist styles. His subjects were mostly Italian landscapes, but also included some nudes. He was later recognized as a pioneer in Thailand's modern art.

In 1957, he again won the gold metal at the National Exhibition of Art.

A noted art restorer, from 1969-1982, Fua worked on the restoration of the Tripitaka Library at Wat Rakang Kositaram (หอไตรปิฎก วัดระฆังโฆสิตาราม) temple (also known as Wat Bang Wah Yai), built during the reign of King Rama I. During that period, he paid for part of the restoration with his own funds. The restoration project cost him his health. The right side of his face and right arm were paralyzed.

In 1991, he was admitted to Siriraj Hospital (ศิริราชพยาบาล). He died in October 1993 due to inflamed blood vessels of the brain.

 Awards
  • 1980 – Honorary doctoral degree in fine arts, Silpakorn University.
  • 1983 – Magsaysay Award for public service. The award citation noted his "life-long profession of seeking the origins of his national artistic tradition, preserving the tradition, and through painting, restoration, writing and teaching, enlivening it with a future".
  • 1985 – Named National Artist (ศิลปินแห่งชาติ), the inaugural year for the honor.
  • 1990 – Recognized by the Thai government as an Outstanding Cultural Conservator."
[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fua_Haripitak. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-08-10

Eine Feuersbrunst zerstört Phahurat (ตลาดพาหุรัด), Bangkoks größten Textilmarkt. 300 Buden und 10 Geschäfte werden zerstört. Sachschaden: 50 Mio. Baht.


Abb.: Lage von Phahurat (ตลาดพาหุรัด)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Abb.: Phahurat (พาหุรัด), 2009
[Bildquelle: Wee Viraporn. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/geek1/3957158345/. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, keine Bearbeitung)]

"Phahurat (Pahurat, Thai: พาหุรัด) ist eine Straße (Thanon Phahurat, ถนนพาหุรัด) und ein Marktviertel (Talat Phahurat, ตลาดพาหุรัด) für Textilien im Bezirk (Khet) Phra Nakhon der Hauptstadt Bangkok, Thailand.

Ursprünglich war die Gegend während der Regierungszeit von König Taksin (ตากสินมหาราช, reg. 1768 bis 1782) eine Enklave für vietnamesische Flüchtlinge. 1898 zerstörte ein Großfeuer das Areal und machte den Weg frei für eine Straße, die in Erinnerung an die früh gestorbene Tochter von König Chulalongkorn (Rama V.), Bahurada Manimaya (Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าลูกเธอ เจ้าฟ้าพาหุรัดมณีมัย), Bahulada (พาหุรัด) genannt wurde, heute als Phahurat bekannt.

Viele Einwohner von Phahurat stammen aus Südasien, vornehmlich aus Indien und handeln mit Textilien. Vor etwa einhundert Jahren siedelten Sikhs (ਸਿੱਖੀ / ซิกข์)  in der Gegend, die noch heute im Textilhandel aktiv sind. Ihr Tempel, der Gurudwara Siri Guru Singh Sabha (คุรุดวาราศรีคุรุสิงห์สภา) ist ein Wahrzeichen von Phahurat. Darüber hinaus ließen sich hier auch Hindus und Moslems nieder."

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phahurat. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-08-21

Bei seiner Rückkehr aus dem Exil in den USA wird der philippinische Oppositionsführer Benigno Simeon „Ninoy“ Aquino, Jr. (geb. 1932)  auf dem Flughafen Manila von staatlichen Sicherheitskräften oder Militärs erschossen.


Abb.: Benigno Simeon „Ninoy“ Aquino, Jr. auf dem philippinischen 500-Peso-Schein
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Public domain]

1983-08-28

Beginn der Bildung der Phu Khiao Wildlife Reserve (เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าภูเขียว). Es ist ein königliches Entwicklungsprojekt.


Abb.: Lage der Phu Khieo Wildlife Reserve (เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าภูเขียว)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-09

Thailand, Malaysia und Singapur bitten die Sowjetunion, einen geplanten Besuch einer sowjetischen Delegation auf unbestimmte Zeit zu verschieben. Grund ist der Abschuss von Korean Air Lines Flight 007 durch einen sowjetischen Abfangjäger am 1983-09-01. Dabei wurden alle 269 Personen im Flugzeug getötet.

1983-09

Im American Journal of Surgery erscheint der Artikel: Surgical management of an epidemic of penile amputations in Siam / von Bhanganada K, Chayavatana T, Pongnumkul C, Tonmukayakul A, Sakolsatayadorn P, Komaratat K, Wilde H.

Abstract:

"Thailand recently experienced an epidemic of penile amputations. These were usually performed by angry wives on philandering husbands. This outbreak appeared to have been fueled by graphic press reports and fortunately seems to have abated. A technique for reanastomosis of the amputated penile segment was first described by McRoberts et al [5] in 1968. It was modified further so that it can be performed in any general hospital with an acceptable result. Experience with this procedure in 18 patients has been described."

[Quelle: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6614331. -- Zugriff am 2012-11-21]

1983-09-21

Das erste kommerzielle Mobiltelefon, Motorola DynaTAC 8000X, erhält die FCC-Zulassung. Es kostet US$ 3.995. Schon 1984 sind 300.000 Exemplare verkauft.


Abb.: Motorola DynaTAC 8000X
[Bildquelle: Redrum0486 / Wikipedia. -- GNU FDLicense]


Abb.: Mobiltelefone (Handys), Bangkok, 2005
[Bildquelle: Keng Susumpow. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/43553042@N00/61892067. -- Zugriff am 2013-09-30. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung)]

1983-09-23

Einweihung des Three Kings Monument (อนุสาวรีย์สามกษัตริย์) in Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่). Das Monument stellt dar, wie 1296-04-12 die Könige Ngam Muang (พญางำเมือง, 1238 - 1299) von Phayao (พะเยา), Mangrai (พญามังราย, 1238/39 - 1311/17) von Lan Na (ล้านนา) und Ramkhamhaeng (พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช, ca. 1238 - 1298) von Sukhothai (สุโขทัย) die Anlage für das zu gründende Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่) besprechen.


Abb.: Three Kings Monument (อนุสาวรีย์สามกษัตริย์), Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่), 2010
[Bildquelle: James Preston. -- https://www.flickr.com/photos/jamespreston/5351265135/. -- Zugriff am 2015-04-15. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung)]

1983-10

Schwere Überschwemmungen und Stürme richten in 42 Provinzen Verwüstungen an. 49 Tote. Ca. 5000 Häuser und 317 Tempel und Schulen werden zerstört. Sachschaden: 625 Mio. Baht. In Bangkok sind viele Straßen unter Wasser.

1983-10-01

Gen Arthit Kamlang-ek (อาทิตย์ กำลังเอก, 1925 - ) wird Oberbefehlshaber der Streitkräfte.


Abb.: Arthit Kamlang-ek (อาทิตย์ กำลังเอก)
[Bildquelle: th.Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"General Arthit Kamlang-ek (อาทิตย์ กำลังเอก, 1925 - ) was the former Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Army and the Supreme Commander of the Thai Armed Forces. He was particularly influential during the 1980s during the government of Prem Tinsulanonda (เปรม ติณสูลานนท์).

Education and early career

Arthit graduated from the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (โรงเรียนนายร้อยพระจุลจอมเกล้า). He later attended the Royal Thai Army's Staff College.

 Family

General Arthit has two sons, one daughter and one stepson. His youngest son, Titiwat Kamlang-ek, has two children: Peerawut Kamlang-ek and Athittaya Kamlang-ek.

 1981 Young Turk coup

General Arthit was a leader of the counter-coup against the Young Turk coup of 1981. Afterwards, he was promoted to Commander of the First Army Region, traditionally regarded as the most strategic post for coups and counter-coups.

Clash with Prem

General Arthit's subsequent rapid rise to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army in October 1982 was unprecedented.[1] Also serving as the Supreme Commander starting September 1983, General Arthit at times challenged the propriety of key government policies. In November 1984, for example, he made a televised condemnation of the government's currency devaluation policy. Also in 1984, apparently with General Arthit's blessing, some active-duty and retired army officers pressed for constitutional amendments aimed at enhancing their political influence. A showdown between Arthit's camp and Prem's ruling coalition was narrowly averted when General Arthit urged the officers to abandon the amendments.

General Arthit also played a role in the 1985 election which brought Chamlong Srimuang (จำลอง ศรีเมือง) to the governorship of Bangkok. Arthit urged his subordinates and their families to vote against any party that had an anti-military orientation, particularly the Democrats.

 Downfall

In 1986, General Arthit lobbied vigorously to extend his term as Army Commander another year to September 1987, which would allow him to retain influence after the expiration of Prem's term as Prime Minister.[1] But on March 24, 1986, the government announced that Arthit would be retired as scheduled on September 1, 1986. Then on 27 May, Prem stunned the nation by dismissing Arthit from his position as Army chief and replacing him with General Chaovalit Yongchaiyut (ชวลิต ยงใจยุทธ) a Prem loyalist. Prior to that, no Army Chief had ever been fired. This unprecedented action came amid the flurry of rumours that the general was involved in behind-the-scenes manoeuvres to undermine Prem's chances for another premiership after the July 1986 parliamentary elections. General Arthit, whose largely ceremonial post as Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces until September 1986 was not affected by the dismissal order, denied any role in such manoeuvres.

 Post-military career

In early 1991, Arthit was appointed by Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan (ชาติชาย ชุณหะวัณ) was appointed as Deputy Defense Minister.[2] Early rumors of his appointment seriously angered many military leaders, especially Army chief Suchinda Kraprayoon (สุจินดา คราประยูร) and his former classmates from the 5th Class of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy. A military coup led by Suchinda and the National Peace Keeping Council (คณะรักษาความสงบเรียบร้อยแห่งชาติ) soon overthrew Chatichai's government.[3]

 Footnotes
  1. Nations Encyclopedia, "Thailand: Political Developments: 1980-1987"
  2.  Suchit Bunbongkarn, Coups and Democratisation: The Military and Democracy in Thailand
  3.  Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe, The Politics of Authoritarianism: The State and Political Soldiers in Burma, Indonesia and Thailand, Chapter 5: Thailand: Military Intervention and the Politics of Authoritarian Domination"

[Quelle:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthit_Kamlangek. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

1983-10-30

Tod von Luang Pu Phra Rajvudhacariya (Luang Pu Dulya Atulo) (พระราชวุฒาจารย์ - หลวงปู่ดูลย์ อตุโล, geb. 1887), Abt von Wat Burapharam (วัดบูรพาราม), Surin (สุรินทร์).


Abb.: Luang Pu Phra Rajvudhacariya (Luang Pu Dulya Atulo) (พระราชวุฒาจารย์ - หลวงปู่ดูลย์ อตุโล)


Abb.: Lage von  Surin (สุรินทร์)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-11

Gründung von GMM Grammy Public Company Limited (จีเอ็มเอ็ม แกรมมี่, G"MM' Grammy) durch Phaibun Damrongchaitham (ไพบูลย์ ดำรงชัยธรรม, 1949 - )


Abb.: ®Logo
[Bildquelle: Wikipedia. -- Fair use]

"GMM Grammy Public Company Limited (Thai: จีเอ็มเอ็ม แกรมมี่, or G"MM' Grammy) is the largest media conglomerate entertainment company in Thailand. It claims a 70% share of the Thai entertainment industry. Artists on Grammy include Thongchai 'Bird' McIntyre (ธงไชย แมคอินไตย์) and Loso (โลโซ). In addition to its music business, the company is involved in concert production, artist management, film and television production and publishing."

[Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Entertainment. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06]

Künstlerlink von Thongchai auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:artist:0fGHTj05vtJqkbogP7tW1x
URL: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0fGHTj05vtJqkbogP7tW1x

Künstlerlink von Loso auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:artist:0O1PT26a75ufY8WJSRgYBU
URL: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0O1PT26a75ufY8WJSRgYBU

1983-11

Bauern in der Provinz Prachinburi (ปราจีนบุรี) wandeln Heuschreckenplage in eine Einkommensquelle um: nachts werden die Heuschrecken mit Licht in Netze gelockt und dann an Händler für 6 Baht pro kg verkauft. Heuschrecken gelten in vielen Provinzen, einschließlich Bangkok als Leckerbissen.


Abb.: Lage der Provinz Prachinburi (ปราจีนบุรี)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Abb.: Heuschrecken und andere Leckerbissen, Bangkok, 2009
[Bildquelle: lynda irawati. -- http://www.flickr.com/photos/goldenkoi/3967357843/. -- Zugriff am 2011-12-06. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, keine kommerzielle Nutzung, share alike)]

1983-11

Es ergeben sich 664 Mitglieder der Kommunistischen Partei Thailands (CPT, พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ แห่งประเทศไทย) samt ihren Hilfstruppen.

1983-11-09

San Francisco Examiner:

"A STREETSIDE EXORCISM TO APPEASE THE SPIRITS

Bangkok, Thailand (UPI) - Buddhist monks and Chinese dragon dancers were called in to exorcise restless spirits at a busy Bangkok intersection where several people died recently in traffic accidents. . . .

Nine saffron-robed monks chanted and sprinkled holy water on the pavement Tuesday following complaints the spirits of dead accident victims caused nightmares for people living near the dangerous intersection. . . .

The religious rite, a Chinese dragon dance and the burning of symbolic gold and silver colored paper stopped traffic at the busy junction of Rama IV and Saphan Lueng Roads.

But instead of honking horns or complaining about the stalled traffic, motorists bowed reverently and prayed for the mercy of the traffic spirits."

[Zitiert in: Heinze, Ruth-Inge <1919 - 2007>: Trance and healing in Southeast Asia today. -- Bangkok, Thailand : White Lotus, 1988. -- 406 S. : Ill. ; 22 cm. -- ISBN 974-8495-18-3 . -- S. 48ff.]

1983-11-19

Das Gebäude der Spielzeugfabrik Klong Phet Asia in Lam Luk Ka (ลำลูกกา), Provinz Pathum Thani (ปทุมธานี), stürzt ein: 34 Tote, 46 Verletzte. Das Gebäude war für 2½ Stockwerke zugelassen, es waren aber illegal zwei weitere 1½Stockwerke darauf gesetzt worden.


Abb.: Lage von  Lam Luk Ka (ลำลูกกา)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-11-27

Der Boxer Payao Poontarat (พเยาว์ พูนธรัตน์, 1957 – 2006) wird World-Boxing-Council-Weltmeister im Halbbantamgewicht.

"Phayao Phoontharat (Thai พเยาว์ พูนธรัตน์; * 15. Oktober 1957 im Landkreis Bang Saphan (บางสะพาน); † 13. August 2006 in Bangkok) war ein thailändischer Boxer.

Amateur

Mit 18 Jahren gewann Phoontharat die Bronzemedaille im Halbfliegengewicht (bis 48 kg) bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 1976 in Montreal. Dabei konnte er sich im Viertelfinale gegen den Ungarn György Gedó, Olympiasieger von 1972, durchsetzen, unterlag aber im Halbfinale vorzeitig gegen den Nordkoreaner Byong-Uk Li. Er wurde damit Thailands erster Athlet, der eine olympische Medaille erringen konnte.

Profi

1981 wurde er Profiboxer. Am 27. November 1983 entthronte er den Venezolaner Rafael Orono und wurde WBC-Weltmeister im Halbbantamgewicht. Er verlor den Gürtel durch eine Punktniederlage am 5. Juli 1984 in seiner zweiten Titelverteidigung an den Japaner Jiro Watanabe (渡辺二郎), auch den Rückkampf am 29. November verlor er, diesmal sogar vorzeitig. Nach einer weiteren Niederlage beendete er 1985 seine Karriere.

Politik

Nach seiner Profiboxerkarriere trat er in die Demokratische Partei ein und wurde 2001 in das Parlament der Provinz Prachuap Khiri Khan (ประจวบคีรีขันธ์) gewählt. Ein Jahr später erkrankte er an Amyotropher Lateralsklerose. Am 13. August 2006 starb er an der Erkrankung im Siriraj Hospital (โรงพยาบาลศิริราช) in Bangkok."

[Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phayao_Phoontharat. -- Zugriff am 2011-11-24]

1983-12-05

56. Geburtstag des Königs. Als Geburtstagsgeschenk lassen sich 1.200 Männer freiwillig gratis per Vasektomie sterilisieren. Die Sterilisierung wird von der mobilen Klinik der Population and Community Development Association (PDA, สมาคมพัฒนาประชากรและชุมชน) gemacht. Die mobile Klinik ist im Gebäude der Staatslotterie: 52 Operationstische, 50 Ärzte, 85 Krankenschwestern. So können pro Minute 2 Vasektomien durchgeführt werden. Gründer der PDA ist Mechai Viravaidya (มีชัย วีระไวทยะ, 1941 - )


Abb.: Hoden, Zustand nach Vasektomie, 2009
[Bildquelle: Bigesian  / Wikimedia. -- GNU FDLicense]

1983-12-05

Der britische Popstar David Bowie (1947 - ) gastiert auf seiner Serious Moonlight Tour in Bangkok und begeistert seine Fans.

Künstlerlink auf Spotify:
URI: spotify:artist:0oSGxfWSnnOXhD2fKuz2Gy
URL: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0oSGxfWSnnOXhD2fKuz2Gy


Abb.: David Bowie, 1983
[Bildquelle: Jeffchat1 / Wikimedia. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-12-06

Tod der Meditationslehrerin Naeb Mahaniranon (อุบาสิกา แนบ มหานีรานนท์, 1897 - 1983)


Abb.: Naeb Mahaniranon (
อุบาสิกา แนบ มหานีรานนท์)

1983-12-22

Über 5000 Sympathisanten der Kommunisten, meist Bergvölker, legen in Nan (น่าน) in einer feierlichen Zeremonie ihre Waffen nieder. Die Regierung sagt, dass damit alle kommunistischen Stützpunkte in Nordthailand vernichtet sind.


Abb.: Lage von Nan (น่าน)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-12-28

Auf dem Flughafen Don Muang (ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง) muss man ab jetzt 1000 Baht Abflug-Gebühr bezahlen. Für viele Flugreisende kommt das überraschend und sie haben nicht das nötige Bargeld. Manche müssen Uhren oder Schmuck verpfänden, um die Gebühr bezahlen zu können.


Abb.: Lage des Flughafen Don Muang (ท่าอากาศยานดอนเมือง)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]

1983-12-31

Das britische Protektorat Brunei (‏بروني) wird unabhängig.


Abb.: Lage von Brunei (‏بروني)
[Bildquelle: OpenStreetMap. -- Creative Commons Lizenz (Namensnennung, share alike)]


Verwendete Ressourcen

ausführlich: http://www.payer.de/thailandchronik/ressourcen.htm


Zu Chronik 1984