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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

5. Adjectives (§§ 62 -68)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 5. Adjectives (§§ 62 - 68). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-23. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson05.htm    

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-23

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Adjectives [ಗುಣವಾಚಕ - guṇavācaka]

62. Adjectives (§ 202.) generally precede the nouns to which they belong. Thus,

• ಹೊಸ ಬಟ್ಟೆ hosa baṭṭe, a new cloth;
• ಚಿಕ್ಕ ಗಿಡ cikka giḍa, a small shrub.

63. ಮರಿ mari, a young animal, is affixed to express the young of quadrupeds, fishes and insects; &c., as,

• ಆನೇ ಮರಿ ānē mari, a young elephant;
• ಕುದುರೇ ಮರಿ kudurē mari, a colt;
• ಕೋಳಿ ಮರಿ kōḷi mari, a chicken;
• ಇಲ್ಲೀ ಮರಿ illī mari, a young rat;
• ಮೀನು ಮರಿ mīnu mari, a young fish;
• ಹಾವು ಮರಿ hāvu mari, a young serpent.

ಗುಂನೆ guṃne, young is also affixed; as,

• ಹಂದಿ ಗುಂನೆ haṃdi guṃne, a young pig.

64. ಕರು karu, a calf, is added to denote the young of cows and buffaloes only; as,

• ಆಕಳ ಕರು ākaḷa karu, a calf;
• ಎಮ್ಮೇ ಕರು emmē karu, a young buffalo.

65. Relative Participles are used, before nouns, like adjectives, and in them the Relative Pronouns who and which are implied. Thus

• ಹೋಗುವ ಮಾರ್ಗ hōguva mārga, the going road, the way in which he, &c. goes, or will go.
• ಬಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯನು  banda manuṣyanu, the arrived man, the man who has come.
• ಮಾಡದ ಕೆಲಸ māḍada kelasa, the unperformed work, the work which he, &c. has not done, or will not do.

66. There are not many Adjectives in the Canarese language; the defect is supplied by affixing to Nouns the irregular participles ಆದ āda¹, and ಉಳ್ಳ uḷḷa¹. ಅಂಥ aṃtha, such, is frequently added to these participles, as in the following examples:

• ಬಲ bala, strength;
  • ಬಲವಾದ balavāda,
  • ಬಲವಾದಂಥ balavādaṃtha,
  • ಬಲವುಳ್ಳ balavuḷḷa,
  • ಬಲವುಳ್ಳಂಥ balavuḷḷaṃtha, strong, possessing strength.
• ಹಣ haṇa, money, 
  • ಹಣವುಳ್ಳ haṇavuḷḷa,
  • ಹಣವುಳ್ಳಂಥ haṇavullaṃtha, rich, possessing riches.

¹ ಆದ āda, who or which became, or has become, is the past relative participle of the verb ಆಗು āgu, to be, become, &c. -- ಉಳ್ಳ uḷḷa, who or which is, or possesses, is the past relative participle of the defective verb ಉಂಟು uṃṭu, there is. (§ 119 and 127.)

Comparison of Adjectives.

67. There is nothing in Canarese corresponding with the English er and est, more and most, by which adjectives can be compared. Comparisons are generally made by ಇಂತ iṃta, added to the dative case. The word ಇಂತ iṃta, signifies than; as,

• ನನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆಗಿಂತ ನಿನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆ ದೊಡ್ಡದು nanna kuduregiṃta ninna kudure doḍḍadu, your horse is larger than mine.
• ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕುದುರೆಗಳಿಂತ ನಿನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆ ದೊಡ್ಡದು ellā kuduregaḷigiṃta ninna kudure doḍḍadu, your horse is the largest of all. (§ 161.)

68. Comparisons may be expressed by the dative and locative cases without the addition of  ಇಂತ iṃta. Thus,

• ನನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆಗೆ ನಿನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆ ದೊಡ್ಡದು nanna kudurege ninna kudure doḍḍadu, to my horse your horse (is) a large one; or, your horse is larger than mine.
• ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕುದುರೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನಿನ್ನ ಕುದುರೆ ದೊಡ್ಡದು ellā kuduregaḷalli ninna kudure doḍḍadu, of, or among, all the horses, your horse (is) a large one; that is, your horse is the largest of all. (§ 195. 196.)

To 6. Pronouns (§§ 69 - 100)