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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

6. Pronouns (§§ 69 - 100)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 6. Pronouns (§§ 69 - 100). -- Fassung vom2011-08-23. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson06.htm     

First published as:  Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-23

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien  of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Pronouns [ಸರ್ವನಾಮ sarvanāma]

0. Contents

• 1. Personal Pronouns.
• 2. Demonstrative Pronouns.
  • 2.1. Demonstrative Pronouns. (Remote)
  • 2.2. Demonstrative Pronouns. (Proximate)
• 3. Reciprocal Pronoun.
• 4. Indeterminate Pronouns.
• 5. Numeral Pronouns.
• 6. Pronouns of Quantity.
• 7. Interrogative Pronouns.

69. There are seven sorts of Pronouns, viz.

1. Personal
2. Demonstrative
3. Reciprocal
4. Indeterminate
5. Numeral
6. Of quantity
7. Interrogative

N. B. There are no Relative pronouns in Canarese: they are implied in the relative participle. See paragraph 232. There are no Possessive pronouns. Possession is expressed by the genitive case. (§ 205.) Pronouns are declined like nouns.

1. Personal Pronouns.

See §§ 204-208.

70. Crude state, ನಾ nā, I, (irregular)

71. Crude state ನೀ nī, thou, (irregular)

2. Demonstrative Pronouns.

2.1. Demonstrative Pronouns. (Remote)

72. Crude state, ಅವ ava, He, that man. (§ 209.) (used when speaking of an equal, or inferior.)

73. ಅವಳು avaḷu (feminine of ಅವನು  - avanu) She, that woman. (§ 209.) (used when speaking of an equal, or inferior.)

74. Crude state, ಆತ āta, He, that man. (§ 210.) (used when speaking of a superior.)

75. ಆಕೆ āke, (feminine of ಆತನು - ātanu) She, that woman. (§ 210.) (used when speaking of a superior.)

76. ಅದು adu, It, that thing. The syllable ಅರ್ ar, must be inserted in the Instrumental, Ablative, Genitive and Locative cases singular.

2.2. Demonstrative Pronouns. (Proximate)

3. Reciprocal Pronoun.

83. ತಾನು tānu, himself, herself, itself, is declined like ನಾನು nānu, I.

84. This pronoun is used with reference to some other noun or pronoun of the 3rd person preceding it. (§ 211.)

The plural is used honorifically in the second person singular, in the sense of "your honor", "your Lordship," &c. when speaking to a person of rank. (§ 212.)

4. Indeterminate Pronouns.

88. The following have no Singular; they aredeclined like ಅವರು avaru, they.

• ಕೆಲವರು kelavaru, some persons
• ಹಲವರು halavaru, several persons
• ಎಲ್ಲರು ellaru, all persons

89. Their neuters are declined like ಅವು avu, or ಅವುಗಳು avugaḷu, those things.

• ಕೆಲವು kelavu, some things
• ಹಲವು halavu, several things
• ಎಲ್ಲವು ellavu, all things

5. Numeral Pronouns.

93. Other Numerals are declined in the same manner, viz.

• the Masculine and Feminine like ಅವರು avaru, they
• and the Neuter like ಅದು adu, it

6. Pronouns of Quantity.

7. Interrogative Pronouns.

See § 213.

98. ಯಾವ yāva, who, which, what?

• Masculine: ಯಾವನು yāvanu, or ದಾವನು dāvanu, who, what man?
• Feminine: ಯಾವಳು yāvaḷu, or ದಾವಳು dāvaḷu, who, which woman?
• Neuter: ಯಾವದು yāvadu, or ದಾವದು dāvadu, which thing?

with their plurals are declined like  ಅವನು avanu, ಅವಳು avaḷu, and ಅದು adu.

99. ಏನು ēnu, what?

ಆದರೂ ādarū, soever, is frequently added to interrogative pronouns--as

• ಯಾವನಾದರೂ yāvanādarū, whosoever, any one soever
• ಯಾವದಾದರೂ yāvadādarū, whatsoever (§ 327.)

100. Some of the Demonstrative, Numeral, Local and other pronouns are abbreviated, or changed, when they form the first member of a compound word, and the abbreviated forms of one, two, and three, double the Consonant which follows them; (§ 341.)

Examples

To 7. Verbs (§§ 102 - 108)