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An Elementary Grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese Language

by Thomas Hodson

11. Causal verbs (§§ 112 - 113)

Zitierweise / cite as:

Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language. -- 11. Causal Verbs (§ 112 - 113). -- Fassung vom 2011-08-24. -- URL: http://www.payer.de/hodson/hodson11.htm

First published as: Hodson, Thomas: An elementary grammar of the Kannada, or Canarese language ; in which every word used in the examples is translated, and the pronunciation is given in English characters. -- 2. ed. -- Bangalore : Wesleyan Mission Press, 1864. -- 128 p. ; 23 cm.

First time published here: 2011-08-24

Revisions:

©opyright: Public domain

This text is part of the section Sanskrit und Indien of Tüpfli's Global Village Library

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Causal Verbs [ಪ್ರೇರಣ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ prēraṇa kriyāpada]

0. Contents

1. Gerunds, or verbal participles [ಶಬ್ದ ನ್ಯೂನ - śabda nyūna]
2. Relative Participles
3. Compound Relative Participles
4. Infinitive Mood [ಭಾವರೂಪ bhāvarūpa]
5. Imperative Mood [ವಧಿ vidhi]
6. Negative Mood [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]
7. Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]. Simple Tenses.
- 7.1. Present Tense. [ವರ್ತಮಾನ - vartamāna]
- 7.2. Past Tense [ಭೂತ - bhūta]
- 7.3. 1st Future Tense [ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]
- 7.4. 2nd or Contingent Future Tense

112. Causal verbs are formed by adding the affix ಇಸು isu, to the root of any verb of pure Canarese origin ; as

ಮಾಡಿಸು māḍisu, cause to do
ಕರೆಯಿಸು kareyisu, cause to call

The verbs so formed are conjugated like any regular verb ending in ಉ u ; as the following example.

113. Root ಮಾಡಿಸು māḍisu, Cause to do

1. Gerunds, or verbal participles [ಶಬ್ದ ನ್ಜೂನ - śabda nyūna]

§§ 223 - 231.

Present ವರ್ತಮಾನ vartamāna	ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತ māḍisutta ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತಾ māḍisuttā	causing to do	Root + ಉತ್ತ utta Root + ಉತ್ತಾ uttā
Past ಭೂತ bhūta	ಮಾಡಿಸಿ mādisi	having caused to do	Root + ಇ i
Negative ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha	ಮಾಡಿಸದೆ māḍisade	not having caused to do	Root + ಅದೆ ade

2. Relative Participles

§§ 232 - 238.

Present & Future ವರ್ತಮಾನ & ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು vartamāna & bhaviṣyattu	ಮಾಡಿಸುವ māḍisuva	who or which causes, or will cause, to do	Root + ಉವ uva
Past ಭೂತ bhūta	ಮಾಡಿಸಿದ māḍisida	who or which caused to do	Root + ಇದ ida
Negative ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha	ಮಾಡಿಸದ māḍisada	who or which does not, did not, or will not cause to do	Root + ಅದ ada

3. Compound Relative Participles

Present & Future ವರ್ತಮಾನ & ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು vartamāna & bhaviṣyattu	ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವ māḍisuttiruva	who or which is, or will be, causing to do	Present gerund + ಇರುವ iruva¹
Past ಭೂತ bhūta	ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದ māḍisuttidda	who or which was causing to do	Present gerund + ಇದ್ದ idda²
Perfect & Future perfect	ಮಾಡಿಸಿರುವ māḍisiruva	who or which has, or will have, caused to do	Past gerund + ಇರುವ iruva¹
Pluperfect	ಮಾಡಿಸಿದ್ದ māḍisidda	who or which had caused to do	Past gerund + ಇದ್ದ idda²

¹ ಇರುವ iruva, who or which is, or will be, is the present and future relative participle of the verb ಇರು iru, Be. See its conjugation (§ 109.)

² ಇದ್ದ idda, who or which was, is the past relative participle of ಇರು iru.

4. Infinitive Mood [ಭಾವರೂಪ bhāvarūpa]

§§ 239 - 246.

ಮಾಡಿಸ māḍisa	to cause to do	Root + ಅ a
ಮಾಡಿಸಲು māḍisalu		Root + ಅಲು alu
ಮಾಡಿಸಲಿಕ್ಕೆ māḍisalikke		Root + ಅಲಿಕ್ಕೆ alikke

5. Imperative Mood [ವಧಿ vidhi]

§§ 247 - 252.

Root + personal affixes.

Let me, &c. cause to do.

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸಲಿ mādisali	ಮಾಡಿಸಲಿ māḍisali
2nd. ಮಧ್ಯಮ madhyama	ಮಾಡಿಸು māḍisu	ಮಾಡಿಸಿರಿ māḍisiri
3rd. ಪ್ರಥಮ prathama mascul., fem., neuter	ಮಾಡಿಸಲಿ māḍisali	ಮಾಡಿಸಲಿ māḍisali

¹ The 2nd person singular Imperative is the root of the verb.

6. Negative Mood [ನಿಷೇಧ niṣēdha]

§ 258.

Root + personal affixes.

I, &c. do not call, will not call, had not, or would not have caused to do.

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸೆನು māḍisenu	ಮಾಡಿಸೆವು māḍisevu
	&c. &c.

7. Affirmative Mood [ನಿಶ್ಚಯರೂಪ niścayarūpa]. Simple Tenses.

§§ 261 - 264.

7.1. Present Tense. [ವರ್ತಮಾನ - vartamāna]

I cause to do, &c.

Present gerund māḍisutta ಮಾದಿಸುತ್ತ + personal affixes

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ māḍisuttēne	ಮಾಡಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ māḍisuttēve
	&c. &c.

7.2. Past Tense [ಭೂತ - bhūta]

I caused to do, &c.

Past relative participle ಮಾಡಿಸಿದ māḍisida + personal affixes

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸಿದೆನು māḍisidenu	ಮಾಡಿಸಿದೆವು māḍisidevu
	&c. &c.

7.3. 1st Future Tense [ಭವಿಷ್ಯತ್ತು bhaviṣyattu]

I shall or will cause to do, &c.

Future relative participle ಮಾಡಿಸುವ māḍisuva + personal affixes.

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸುವೆನು māḍisuvenu	ಮಾಡಿಸುವೆವು māḍisuvevu
	&c. &c.

7.4. 2nd or Contingent Future Tense

I shall perhaps, or, I may cause to do, &c.

Past gerund ಮಾಡಿಸಿ māḍisi + personal affixes.

Person ಪುರುಷ puruṣa	Singular ಎಕವಚನ ekavacana	Plural ಬಹುವಚನ bahuvacana
1st. ಉತ್ತಮ್ uttama	ಮಾಡಿಸಿಯೇನು māḍisiyēnu	ಮಾಡಿಸಿಯೇವು māḍisiyēvu
	&c. &c.

To 12. Passive Verbs (§ 114)